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基因无国界?

Genes without frontiers?

作者信息

Bensasson D, Boore J L, Nielsen K M

机构信息

Evolutionary Genomics Department, DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.

出版信息

Heredity (Edinb). 2004 Jun;92(6):483-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800451.

Abstract

For bacteria, the primary genetic barrier against the genetic exchange of DNA that is not self-transmissible is dissimilarity in the bacterial DNA sequences concerned. Genetic exchange by homologous recombination is frequent among close bacterial relatives and recent experiments have shown that it can enable the uptake of closely linked nonhomologous foreign DNA. Artificial vectors are mosaics of mobile DNA elements from free-living bacterial isolates and so bear a residual similarity to their ubiquitous natural progenitors. This homology is tightly linked to the multitude of different DNA sequences that are inserted into synthetic vectors. Can homology between vector and bacterial DNA enable the uptake of these foreign DNA inserts? In this review we investigate pUC18 as an example of an artificial vector and consider whether its homology to broad host-range antibiotic resistance transposons and plasmid origins of replication could enable the uptake of insert DNA in the light of studies of homology-facilitated foreign DNA uptake. We also discuss the disposal of recombinant DNA, its persistence in the environment and whether homologies to pUC18 may exist in naturally competent bacteria. Most DNA that is inserted into the cloning site of artificial vectors would be of little use to a bacterium, but perhaps not all.

摘要

对于细菌而言,阻止非自身可转移DNA进行基因交换的主要遗传障碍是相关细菌DNA序列的差异。同源重组介导的基因交换在亲缘关系较近的细菌之间很常见,最近的实验表明,这种交换能够使细菌摄取紧密连锁的非同源外源DNA。人工载体是来自自由生活细菌分离株的可移动DNA元件的嵌合体,因此与它们无处不在的天然祖先仍有一定的相似性。这种同源性与插入合成载体的众多不同DNA序列紧密相关。载体与细菌DNA之间的同源性能否使这些外源DNA插入片段被摄取呢?在这篇综述中,我们以人工载体pUC18为例进行研究,并根据同源性促进外源DNA摄取的研究,探讨其与广泛宿主范围抗生素抗性转座子及质粒复制起点的同源性是否能使插入DNA被摄取。我们还讨论了重组DNA的处置、其在环境中的持久性以及自然感受态细菌中是否可能存在与pUC18的同源性。大多数插入人工载体克隆位点的DNA对细菌可能用处不大,但也许并非全部如此。

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