New insights into imiquimod's mechanisms of action.

Imiquimod, an immune response modifier with potent antiviral and antitumor properties, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of various cutaneous neoplasms. Besides stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines through Toll-like receptors on the surface of dendritic cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage, novel antiapoptotic mechanisms have been identified.