He Ka, Kramer Ellen, Houser Robert F, Chomitz Virginia R, Hacker Karen A
Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2004 Jul;35(1):26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.09.004.
To: (a) establish criteria for defining positive health behaviors and lifestyle; and (b) identify characteristics of adolescents who practice a healthy lifestyle.
Responses from a 1998 survey via questionnaire, of 1487 students, from a public high school, Cambridge, Massachusetts, were used to assess correlates of healthy lifestyle choices. Strict and broad assessments of healthy behaviors were defined for students: use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs; sexual behavior; attempted suicide. Whereas the "strict" criteria included only those adolescents who did not practice any of the behaviors in question, the broad criteria reflected experimentation and moderate risk-taking. The prevalence of positive behaviors was assessed by demographic and student characteristics. In addition, logistic regression models were created to predict determinants of teenagers' healthy lifestyles using both strict and broad definitions.
Using strict criteria of healthy lifestyle, significant predictors were being female, born outside the United States, higher academic performance, and fewer stressful life events. Using a broad definition of a healthy lifestyle, significant predictors were being non-Caucasian, in the lower grade levels at the school, higher academic performance, and fewer stressful life events. In both models, peers' approval of risky behaviors negatively influenced teens' lifestyles, whereas parents' disapproval of risky behaviors was a positive influence.
These results reinforce the importance of school, peer, and parent support of positive behaviors. It is important for public health workers and families to understand and define healthy lifestyles choices for adolescents.
(a) 制定定义积极健康行为和生活方式的标准;(b) 确定践行健康生活方式的青少年的特征。
采用1998年对马萨诸塞州剑桥市一所公立高中的1487名学生进行问卷调查的回复,来评估健康生活方式选择的相关因素。为学生定义了对健康行为的严格和宽泛评估:酒精、烟草和非法药物的使用;性行为;自杀未遂。“严格”标准仅包括那些未践行任何相关行为的青少年,而宽泛标准反映了尝试和适度冒险行为。通过人口统计学和学生特征评估积极行为的患病率。此外,创建了逻辑回归模型,使用严格和宽泛定义来预测青少年健康生活方式的决定因素。
使用健康生活方式的严格标准,显著的预测因素为女性、在美国境外出生、学业成绩较高以及压力性生活事件较少。使用健康生活方式的宽泛定义,显著的预测因素为非白种人、在学校处于较低年级、学业成绩较高以及压力性生活事件较少。在两个模型中,同伴对危险行为的认可对青少年的生活方式有负面影响,而父母对危险行为的不认可则有积极影响。
这些结果强化了学校、同伴和家长对积极行为支持的重要性。公共卫生工作者和家庭了解并为青少年定义健康生活方式选择非常重要。