Stranges Saverio, Freudenheim Jo L, Muti Paola, Farinaro Eduardo, Russell Marcia, Nochajski Thomas H, Trevisan Maurizio
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Jun;28(6):949-56. doi: 10.1097/01.alc.0000128229.23396.42.
Increasing evidence suggests that drinking pattern may have powerful implications for health; however, very few studies have focused on the association between drinking pattern and risk of alcoholic liver damage. This study was aimed at examining the association of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase with current alcohol consumption and with some aspects of drinking pattern (e.g., drinking frequency during the week and in relation to food consumption).
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of a random sample of 2943 white residents of Erie and Niagara Counties in New York State who were 35 to 80 years of age and free from known hepatic disease.
The most significant associations were found for GGT; in both sexes, average levels were significantly higher in current and former drinkers compared with lifetime abstainers. In analyses based on quartiles of alcohol consumption, only participants in the two top quartiles showed significantly elevated enzymes compared with both lifetime abstainers and participants in other quartiles. For drinking pattern, there was evidence of sex-specific associations. In men, daily drinkers showed the highest levels of GGT, whereas in women, the highest level of GGT was observed in weekend drinkers. Women (but not men) who consumed alcohol without food exhibited higher levels of GGT compared with women who consumed alcoholic beverages in relation to food.
These findings support the hypothesis that, in addition to amount, drinking pattern may affect liver function and that differences exist between sexes with regard to the effect of drinking pattern on liver function and potential liver damage.
越来越多的证据表明饮酒模式可能对健康有重大影响；然而，很少有研究关注饮酒模式与酒精性肝损伤风险之间的关联。本研究旨在探讨γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶与当前饮酒量以及饮酒模式的某些方面（如一周内的饮酒频率以及与食物摄入的关系）之间的关联。
对纽约州伊利县和尼亚加拉县2943名年龄在35至80岁且无已知肝脏疾病的白人居民随机样本进行横断面分析。
发现GGT的关联最为显著；在男性和女性中，当前饮酒者和既往饮酒者的平均水平均显著高于终身戒酒者。在基于饮酒量四分位数的分析中，只有饮酒量最高的两个四分位数的参与者与终身戒酒者及其他四分位数的参与者相比，酶水平显著升高。对于饮酒模式，存在性别特异性关联的证据。在男性中，每日饮酒者的GGT水平最高，而在女性中，周末饮酒者的GGT水平最高。与饮酒时进食的女性相比，饮酒时不进食的女性（但男性不存在此情况）GGT水平更高。
这些发现支持以下假设，即除饮酒量外，饮酒模式可能影响肝功能，并且在饮酒模式对肝功能和潜在肝损伤的影响方面存在性别差异。
