Drossel Barbara, McKane Alan J, Quince Christopher
Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
J Theor Biol. 2004 Aug 21;229(4):539-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.04.033.
We investigate the long-term web structure emerging in evolutionary food web models when different types of functional responses are used. We find that large and complex webs with several trophic layers arise only if the population dynamics is such that it allows predators to focus on their best prey species. This can be achieved using modified Lotka-Volterra or Holling/Beddington functional responses with effective couplings that depend on the predator's efficiency at exploiting the prey, or a ratio-dependent functional response with adaptive foraging. In contrast, if standard Lotka-Volterra or Holling/Beddington functional responses are used, long-term evolution generates webs with almost all species being basal, and with additionally many links between these species. Interestingly, in all cases studied, a large proportion of weak links result naturally from the evolution of the food webs.
我们研究了在进化食物网模型中使用不同类型的功能反应时出现的长期网络结构。我们发现，只有当种群动态使得捕食者能够专注于其最佳猎物物种时，才会出现具有多个营养层的大型复杂食物网。这可以通过使用修改后的洛特卡-沃尔泰拉或霍林/贝丁顿功能反应来实现，其有效耦合取决于捕食者捕食猎物的效率，或者通过具有适应性觅食的比率依赖功能反应来实现。相比之下，如果使用标准的洛特卡-沃尔泰拉或霍林/贝丁顿功能反应，长期进化会产生几乎所有物种都是基础物种的食物网，并且这些物种之间还有许多额外的联系。有趣的是，在所研究的所有情况下，很大一部分弱联系自然地源于食物网的进化。
