Wallis D J, Hetherington M M
Department of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, England, UK.
Appetite. 2004 Aug;43(1):39-46. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.02.001.
Restrained and emotional eaters overeat in response to stress. To compare differential effects of cognitive demand and ego-threatening stressors on subsequent chocolate intake, 38 females completed a neutral (control), an ego threatening and an incongruent Stroop colour-naming task on three separate occasions. Participants were assigned to four groups based on median-split scores on the restrained and emotional eating scales of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire-high restraint/high emotional, high restraint/low emotional, low restraint/high emotional and low restraint/low emotional. Higher response latencies were observed in the incongruent task, confirming its greater cognitive (attentional) demand. Overall intake was enhanced by 23% after ego-threat and 15% after the incongruent Stroop task relative to control. Restraint was associated with greater intake after both ego-threat and the incongruent task than in the control condition. In contrast, emotional eating was associated with greater intake after only the ego-threat, relative to control. A positive association between reaction time and subsequent intake in all conditions for high restraint/low emotional eaters provided support for the limited capacity hypothesis. Enhanced intake in emotional eaters is proposed to relate to escape from self-awareness. These findings demonstrate differential effects of threat and demand on stress-related eating in restrained and emotional eaters.
克制型和情绪化饮食者会因压力而暴饮暴食。为了比较认知需求和自我威胁性应激源对随后巧克力摄入量的不同影响，38名女性在三个不同场合分别完成了一项中性（对照）、一项自我威胁性和一项不一致的斯特鲁普颜色命名任务。根据荷兰饮食行为问卷中克制和情绪化饮食量表的中位数得分，将参与者分为四组——高克制/高情绪化、高克制/低情绪化、低克制/高情绪化和低克制/低情绪化。在不一致任务中观察到更高的反应潜伏期，证实了其更大的认知（注意力）需求。相对于对照条件，自我威胁后总体摄入量增加了23%，不一致的斯特鲁普任务后增加了15%。与对照条件相比，克制在自我威胁和不一致任务后都与更多的摄入量相关。相比之下，相对于对照条件，情绪化饮食仅在自我威胁后与更多的摄入量相关。高克制/低情绪化饮食者在所有条件下反应时间与随后摄入量之间的正相关为有限能力假说提供了支持。情绪化饮食者摄入量的增加被认为与逃避自我意识有关。这些发现表明了威胁和需求对克制型和情绪化饮食者与压力相关饮食的不同影响。
