Handedness and spatial ability: differential patterns of relationships.

The purpose of this exploratory study was to add to our understanding of hemispheric specialisation by examining the relationships between functional laterality (as measured by handedness, eyedness, earedness, and footedness) and spatial tests. A total of 55 males and 170 females were tested for laterality preferences and spatial test performance using a range of six spatial tests. There was a statistically significant relationship between each of the laterality measures employed, with handedness and footedness demonstrating the most robust association. Multiple regression analyses highlighted that once potential confounds were statistically controlled (age, sex, and other types of functional laterality), 3-D rotation/visualisation and speeded visual exploration task performance showed small, but significant, relations with a tendency towards left-handedness over right-handedness in total and secondary (two-handed) scale scores. Flexibility of closure performance was associated with a tendency towards left-handedness in the total and one-handed scale scores. Spatial location memory was the lone spatial ability relating with a tendency towards right-handedness. Overall, these findings offer new insights into the interplay of handedness with alternative measures of laterality as well as with spatial abilities.