Collins Rebecca L, Elliott Marc N, Berry Sandra H, Kanouse David E, Kunkel Dale, Hunter Sarah B, Miu Angela
RAND, 1700 Main St, Santa Monica, CA 90407, USA.
Pediatrics. 2004 Sep;114(3):e280-9. doi: 10.1542/peds.2003-1065-L.
Early sexual initiation is an important social and health issue. A recent survey suggested that most sexually experienced teens wish they had waited longer to have intercourse; other data indicate that unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases are more common among those who begin sexual activity earlier. The American Academy of Pediatrics has suggested that portrayals of sex on entertainment television (TV) may contribute to precocious adolescent sex. Approximately two-thirds of TV programs contain sexual content. However, empirical data examining the relationships between exposure to sex on TV and adolescent sexual behaviors are rare and inadequate for addressing the issue of causal effects.
We conducted a national longitudinal survey of 1792 adolescents, 12 to 17 years of age. In baseline and 1-year follow-up interviews, participants reported their TV viewing habits and sexual experience and responded to measures of more than a dozen factors known to be associated with adolescent sexual initiation. TV viewing data were combined with the results of a scientific analysis of TV sexual content to derive measures of exposure to sexual content, depictions of sexual risks or safety, and depictions of sexual behavior (versus talk about sex but no behavior).
Initiation of intercourse and advancement in noncoital sexual activity level, during a 1-year period.
Multivariate regression analysis indicated that adolescents who viewed more sexual content at baseline were more likely to initiate intercourse and progress to more advanced noncoital sexual activities during the subsequent year, controlling for respondent characteristics that might otherwise explain these relationships. The size of the adjusted intercourse effect was such that youths in the 90th percentile of TV sex viewing had a predicted probability of intercourse initiation that was approximately double that of youths in the 10th percentile, for all ages studied. Exposure to TV that included only talk about sex was associated with the same risks as exposure to TV that depicted sexual behavior. African American youths who watched more depictions of sexual risks or safety were less likely to initiate intercourse in the subsequent year.
Watching sex on TV predicts and may hasten adolescent sexual initiation. Reducing the amount of sexual content in entertainment programming, reducing adolescent exposure to this content, or increasing references to and depictions of possible negative consequences of sexual activity could appreciably delay the initiation of coital and noncoital activities. Alternatively, parents may be able to reduce the effects of sexual content by watching TV with their teenaged children and discussing their own beliefs about sex and the behaviors portrayed. Pediatricians should encourage these family discussions.
过早开始性行为是一个重要的社会和健康问题。最近的一项调查表明，大多数有性经历的青少年希望他们能更晚开始性交；其他数据显示，意外怀孕和性传播疾病在更早开始性活动的人群中更为常见。美国儿科学会指出，娱乐电视节目中的性描写可能会导致青少年性早熟。大约三分之二的电视节目包含性内容。然而，关于电视上的性内容曝光与青少年性行为之间关系的实证数据很少，且不足以解决因果效应问题。
我们对1792名12至17岁的青少年进行了一项全国性纵向调查。在基线和1年随访访谈中，参与者报告了他们的电视观看习惯和性经历，并对已知与青少年开始性行为相关的十几个因素进行了测量。电视观看数据与电视性内容的科学分析结果相结合，以得出性内容曝光、性风险或安全性描述以及性行为描述（相对于谈论性但无行为）的测量值。
在1年期间内开始性交和非性交性活动水平的进展。
多变量回归分析表明，在控制了可能解释这些关系的受访者特征后，在基线时观看更多性内容的青少年在随后一年更有可能开始性交并进展到更高级的非性交性活动。调整后的性交效应大小表明，在所有研究年龄组中，观看电视性内容处于第90百分位的青少年开始性交的预测概率约为处于第10百分位青少年预测概率的两倍。仅包含谈论性的电视曝光与描绘性行为的电视曝光具有相同的风险。观看更多性风险或安全性描述的非裔美国青少年在随后一年开始性交的可能性较小。
观看电视上的性内容预示并可能加速青少年开始性行为。减少娱乐节目中的性内容数量、减少青少年对该内容的接触，或增加对性活动可能产生的负面后果的提及和描述，可能会显著延迟性交和非性交活动的开始。或者，父母可以通过与青少年子女一起看电视并讨论他们自己对性和所描绘行为的看法来减少性内容的影响。儿科医生应鼓励这些家庭讨论。
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