Armstrong Ehrin J, Bischoff Joyce
Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
Circ Res. 2004 Sep 3;95(5):459-70. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000141146.95728.da.
During the past decade, single gene disruption in mice and large-scale mutagenesis screens in zebrafish have elucidated many fundamental genetic pathways that govern early heart patterning and differentiation. Specifically, a number of genes have been revealed serendipitously to play important and selective roles in cardiac valve development. These initially surprising results have now converged on a finite number of signaling pathways that regulate endothelial proliferation and differentiation in developing and postnatal heart valves. This review highlights the roles of the most well-established ligands and signaling pathways, including VEGF, NFATc1, Notch, Wnt/beta-catenin, BMP/TGF-beta, ErbB, and NF1/Ras. Based on the interactions among and relative timing of these pathways, a signaling network model for heart valve development is proposed.
在过去十年中,小鼠单基因敲除和斑马鱼大规模诱变筛选阐明了许多控制早期心脏模式形成和分化的基本遗传途径。具体而言,一些基因在心脏瓣膜发育中意外地发挥了重要且具有选择性的作用。这些最初令人惊讶的结果现在汇聚到了有限数量的信号通路,这些信号通路调节发育中和出生后心脏瓣膜中的内皮细胞增殖和分化。本综述重点介绍了最成熟的配体和信号通路的作用,包括血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、活化T细胞核因子c1(NFATc1)、Notch、Wnt/β-连环蛋白、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)/转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)、表皮生长因子受体(ErbB)和神经纤维瘤病1型(NF1)/Ras。基于这些通路之间的相互作用和相对时间,提出了一个心脏瓣膜发育的信号网络模型。