Lethal sex: conditions of disclosure in counseling sexually active clients with HIV.

Confidentiality in psychological counseling is necessary if clients are to feel comfortable in revealing their darkest secrets. But this bond of trust has its moral limits. These limits are crossed in some cases in which HIV positive clients are sexually active with unsuspecting third parties. Distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 cases, the author shows how he has used applied ethics in drafting and defending a model rule for the American Counseling Association's Code of Ethics that permits, and sometimes morally requires disclosure in the former cases, but not in the latter.