[Neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in schizophrenia].

Advances in neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques have enabled detailed investigations of the brain pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this article, we first overviewed neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies of the superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex in patients with schizophrenia, using structural magnetic resonance imaging (s-MRI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), event-related potentials (ERPs) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Next, we discussed several key points for future research in psychiatric neuroimaging, such as disease specificity, heterogeneity, utility as endophenotype markers, relationship to psychosocial outcome, and application to clinical purposes. Finally, we described important issues, in terms of the infrastructure and system, which need to be improved in clinical psychiatry research in Japan.