Ziersch Anna M, Baum Fran E, Macdougall Colin, Putland Christine
Department of Public Health, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
Soc Sci Med. 2005 Jan;60(1):71-86. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.04.027.
Social capital has been linked to health outcomes, though there are some inconsistencies in the research and the link is dependent on the measures of social capital and health used. In this paper, we argue that social capital is multifaceted and its relationship with health is complex. We explore the relationship between a number of elements of neighbourhood life and neighbourhood-based social capital, and health, using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The paper reports on a study of the Western suburbs of Adelaide and the analysis of 2400 questionnaires and 40 in-depth interviews. A partial least-square path analysis was undertaken with the questionnaire data. It considered the impact of perceptions of the physical environment, neighbourhood connections, neighbourhood trust, reciprocity, perceived safety and local civic action, and a number of demographic variables, on physical and mental health as measured by the SF-12. Of the neighbourhood-related variables, only perceived neighbourhood safety was related to physical health, with neighbourhood safety and neighbourhood connections related to mental health. Of the demographic variables, higher-income level and educational achievement were related to better physical and mental health. In addition, physical health was lower and mental health higher within older age groups. The inter-relationships between the neighbourhood variables and demographic differences in experience of neighbourhood were also examined. The thematic analysis of the interviews linked a number of social aspects of neighbourhood, the physical neighbourhood environment, perceptions of safety, civic activities and availability of local services, to health outcomes. The paper concludes that there is a need for more complex measures of social capital and that socio-economic factors are of relatively greater importance in determining health.
社会资本已被证明与健康结果相关,尽管研究中存在一些不一致之处,且这种联系取决于所使用的社会资本和健康的衡量标准。在本文中,我们认为社会资本是多方面的,其与健康的关系是复杂的。我们运用定性和定量方法,探讨邻里生活的若干要素、基于邻里的社会资本与健康之间的关系。本文报告了一项对阿德莱德西郊的研究,以及对2400份问卷和40次深度访谈的分析。对问卷数据进行了偏最小二乘路径分析。该分析考虑了对物理环境的认知、邻里联系、邻里信任、互惠、感知安全和地方公民行动,以及一些人口统计学变量,对由SF-12衡量的身心健康的影响。在与邻里相关的变量中,只有感知到的邻里安全与身体健康相关,邻里安全和邻里联系与心理健康相关。在人口统计学变量中,较高的收入水平和教育成就与更好的身心健康相关。此外,老年群体的身体健康状况较低,心理健康状况较高。还研究了邻里变量之间的相互关系以及邻里体验中的人口统计学差异。访谈的主题分析将邻里的一些社会方面、邻里的物理环境、安全感知、公民活动和当地服务的可及性与健康结果联系起来。本文的结论是,需要采用更复杂的社会资本衡量方法,而且社会经济因素在决定健康方面相对更为重要。