Rupprecht R, Möller H J
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2004 Oct 14;146(42):45-6, 48.
Panic disorder is defined as, recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. Panic attack means a period of intensive fear or discomfort, accompanied by a range of physical or psychological symptoms. Subsequently, anticipatory anxiety and avoidance behavior often develop. Panic disorder may or may not be accompanied by agoraphobia. Panic disorder can be treated both by psychotherapeutic and pharmacological measures. An ideal approach is combination therapy in the sense of a multimodal concept; with regard to cognitive behavioral therapy in particular, its effectiveness in the treatment of panic disorder is well documented. For pharmacotherapy, antidepressive agents, in particular selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are the drugs of first choice. Benzodiazepines should be given for only a few weeks until the antipanic effect of the antidepressants kicks in. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis is favorable.
惊恐障碍的定义为反复出现的、意外的惊恐发作。惊恐发作是指一段强烈恐惧或不适的时期，伴有一系列身体或心理症状。随后，预期性焦虑和回避行为常常会出现。惊恐障碍可能伴有或不伴有广场恐惧症。惊恐障碍可通过心理治疗和药物治疗措施进行治疗。理想的方法是采用多模式概念的联合治疗；特别是认知行为疗法，其在治疗惊恐障碍方面的有效性已有充分记录。对于药物治疗，抗抑郁药，尤其是选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂，是首选药物。苯二氮䓬类药物仅应服用几周，直到抗抑郁药的抗惊恐作用起效。经过适当治疗，预后良好。
