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在生长育肥猪日粮中用脱脂奶粉替代豆粕:对生长性能、表观全肠道氮消化率、尿氮和粪氮排泄以及胴体性状的影响

Dried skim milk as a replacement for soybean meal in growing-finishing diets: effects on growth performance, apparent total-tract nitrogen digestibility, urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion, and carcass traits in pigs.

作者信息

Yen J T, Wells J E, Miller D N

机构信息

ARS, USDA, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 2004 Nov;82(11):3338-45. doi: 10.2527/2004.82113338x.

Abstract

Two trials were conducted to determine the replacement nutritive value of dried skim milk for growing-finishing pigs. In a three-phase feeding trial, 180 growing composite barrows (40.8 +/- 2.9 kg BW) were allotted to three dietary treatments. Each phase lasted 28 d. Treatment 1 comprised a basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with crystalline AA to contain true ileal digestible concentrations (as-fed basis) of 0.83, 0.66, and 0.52% Lys; 0.53, 0.45, and 0.40% Thr; and 0.51, 0.45, and 0.42% sulfur amino acids (SAA; Met + Cys) in Phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Treatments 2 and 3 were the basal diets with 5 and 10% (as-fed basis) dried skim milk added. The three diets at each phase were formulated to have the same quantities of DE, true ileal digestible Lys, Thr, Trp, SAA, Ca, and available P. Pigs were housed 10 per pen (six pens/treatment), allowed ad libitum access to feed, and slaughtered at 121.6 +/- 9.3 kg BW. No differences were detected between pigs fed the basal diet and the dried skim milk diets or between pigs fed the 5 and 10% dried skim milk diets, respectively, in 84-d ADG (P = 0.84 or P = 0.71), ADFI (P = 0.54 or P = 0.91), and G:F (P = 0.80 or P = 0.97), in hot carcass weight (P = 0.66 or P = 0.74), 45-min postmortem LM pH (P = 0.90 or P = 0.53), 10th-rib backfat thickness (P = 0.24 or P = 0.77), LM area (P = 0.13 or P = 0.63), weights of belly (P = 0.43 or P = 0.70), trimmed wholesale cuts (P = 0.18 to 0.85 or P = 0.06 to 0.53), and ham components (P = 0.25 to 0.98 or P = 0.32 to 0.63). In the N balance trial, four littermate pairs of finishing gilts (82.9 +/- 2.0 kg BW) were assigned within pair to the basal or the 10% dried skim milk (as-fed basis) finishing diet. Daily feed allowance was 2.6x maintenance DE requirement and was given in two equal meals. Total fecal collection from eight meals and a 96-h urine collection began on d 14 when gilts weighed 92.1 +/- 2.2 kg BW. No differences were found between dietary treatments in gilt's daily N intake (P = 0.33) and the daily output of urinary urea (P = 0.88), urinary N (P = 0.97), fecal N (P = 0.69), and total manure (P = 0.62), as well as apparent total-tract N digestibility (P = 0.84) and N retention (P = 0.84). It is concluded that growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing 10% dried skim milk would have growth performance, carcass traits, and N digestibility and use similar to those fed typical corn-soybean meal diets.

摘要

进行了两项试验,以确定脱脂奶粉对生长育肥猪的替代营养价值。在一项三阶段饲养试验中,将180头生长阶段的杂种公猪(体重40.8±2.9千克)分配到三种日粮处理组。每个阶段持续28天。处理1为基础玉米-豆粕日粮,添加结晶氨基酸,使回肠真可消化浓度(风干基础)在第1、2、3阶段分别为0.83%、0.66%和0.52%的赖氨酸;0.53%、0.45%和0.40%的苏氨酸;以及0.51%、0.45%和0.42%的含硫氨基酸(SAA;蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸)。处理2和3是分别添加5%和10%(风干基础)脱脂奶粉的基础日粮。每个阶段的三种日粮配方使其具有相同数量的消化能、回肠真可消化赖氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、SAA、钙和有效磷。每栏饲养10头猪(每个处理6栏),自由采食,体重达到121.6±9.3千克时屠宰。在84天的平均日增重(P = 0.84或P = 0.71)、平均日采食量(P = 0.54或P = 0.91)和料重比(P = 0.80或P = 0.97)方面,饲喂基础日粮的猪与饲喂脱脂奶粉日粮的猪之间,以及饲喂5%和10%脱脂奶粉日粮的猪之间均未检测到差异;在热胴体重(P = 0.66或P = 0.74)、宰后45分钟腰大肌pH值(P = 0.90或P = 0.53)、第10肋背膘厚(P = 0.24或P = 0.77)、腰大肌面积(P = 0.13或P = 0.63)、腹部重量(P = 0.43或P = 0.70)、修整后的批发切块重量(P = 0.18至0.85或P = 0.06至0.53)和火腿成分重量(P = 0.25至0.98或P = 0.32至0.63)方面也未检测到差异。在氮平衡试验中,将四对同窝的育肥小母猪(体重82.9±2.0千克)按对分配到基础日粮或10%脱脂奶粉(风干基础)的育肥日粮中。每日饲喂量为维持消化能需要量的2.6倍,分两顿等量饲喂。当小母猪体重达到92.1±2.2千克时,从第14天开始收集八餐的全部粪便和96小时的尿液。在日粮处理组之间,小母猪的每日氮摄入量(P = 0.33)、尿尿素每日排出量(P = 0.88)、尿氮(P = 0.97)、粪氮(P = 0.69)和总粪便量(P = 0.62),以及表观全肠道氮消化率(P = 0.84)和氮保留率(P = 0.84)均未发现差异。得出的结论是,饲喂含10%脱脂奶粉日粮的生长育肥猪,其生长性能、胴体性状以及氮消化率和利用率与饲喂典型玉米-豆粕日粮的猪相似。

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