Kapfhammer Josef P
Universität Basel, Anatomisches Institut, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Prog Histochem Cytochem. 2004;39(3):131-82. doi: 10.1016/j.proghi.2004.07.002.
Purkinje cells are the principal neurons of the cerebellar cortex and are characterized by a large and highly branched dendritic tree. For this reason, they have for a long time been an attractive model system to study the regulation of dendritic growth and differentiation. In this article, I will first review studies on different aspects of Purkinje cell dendritic development and then go on to present studies which have aimed at experimentally altering Purkinje cell dendritic development. Some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms which have been shown by these studies to be important determinants of Purkinje cell dendritic development will be discussed, in particular the role of the parallel fiber input, of hormones, and of neuronal growth factors. The organotypic slice culture method will be introduced as an important experimental tool to study Purkinje cell dendritic development under controlled conditions. Using cerebellar slice cultures, protein kinase C (PKC) has been identified as a major determinant of Purkinje cell dendritic development and the contribution of specific isoforms of PKC will be discussed. Finally, it will be shown that Purkinje cell dendritic development in slice cultures does not depend on the activation of glutamate receptors and appears to be independent of the presence of the neurotrophin BDNF. These studies indicate that the initial outgrowth of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree can occur in the absence of signals derived from afferent fibers, but is under control of PKC signaling.
浦肯野细胞是小脑皮质的主要神经元，其特征是具有大且高度分支的树突。因此，长期以来它们一直是研究树突生长和分化调控的有吸引力的模型系统。在本文中，我将首先回顾关于浦肯野细胞树突发育不同方面的研究，然后继续介绍旨在通过实验改变浦肯野细胞树突发育的研究。将讨论这些研究表明的对浦肯野细胞树突发育至关重要的一些细胞和分子机制，特别是平行纤维输入、激素和神经元生长因子的作用。将介绍器官型切片培养方法，作为在可控条件下研究浦肯野细胞树突发育的重要实验工具。利用小脑切片培养，已确定蛋白激酶C（PKC）是浦肯野细胞树突发育的主要决定因素，并将讨论PKC特定同工型的作用。最后，将表明切片培养中浦肯野细胞的树突发育不依赖于谷氨酸受体的激活，并且似乎独立于神经营养因子BDNF的存在。这些研究表明，浦肯野细胞树突的初始生长可以在没有来自传入纤维的信号的情况下发生，但受PKC信号传导的控制。
