Ying Shao-Yao, Lin Shi-Lung
Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9112, USA.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jan 21;326(3):515-20. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.215.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small single-stranded regulatory RNAs capable of interfering with intracellular mRNAs that contain partial complementarity, are useful for the design of new therapies against cancer polymorphism and viral mutation. MiRNA was originally discovered in the intergenic regions of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome as native RNA fragments that modulate a wide range of genetic regulatory pathways during animal development. However, neither RNA promoter nor polymerase responsible for miRNA biogenesis was determined. Recent findings of intron-derived miRNA in C. elegans, mouse, and human have inevitably led to an alternative pathway for miRNA biogenesis, which relies on the coupled interaction of Pol-II-mediated pre-mRNA transcription and intron excision, occurring in certain nuclear regions proximal to genomic perichromatin fibrils.
微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的单链调节RNA，能够干扰与它们具有部分互补性的细胞内mRNA，可用于设计针对癌症多态性和病毒突变的新疗法。miRNA最初是在秀丽隐杆线虫基因组的基因间区域中作为天然RNA片段被发现的，这些片段在动物发育过程中调节广泛的基因调控途径。然而，负责miRNA生物合成的RNA启动子和聚合酶均未被确定。秀丽隐杆线虫、小鼠和人类中内含子来源的miRNA的最新发现不可避免地引出了miRNA生物合成的另一条途径，该途径依赖于在基因组染色质周围纤维近端的某些核区域中发生的Pol-II介导的前体mRNA转录和内含子切除的耦合相互作用。
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