Nygaard Unni Cecilie, Alberg Torunn, Bleumink Rob, Aase Audun, Dybing Erik, Pieters Raymond, Løvik Martinus
Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway.
Toxicology. 2005 Feb 14;207(2):241-54. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.09.016.
In the RAIAP (respiratory allergy and inflammation due to ambient particles) project, qualitative properties of ambient air particles from Amsterdam, Oslo, Lodz and Rome were investigated in relation to inflammation and allergy. Most collected particle fractions were found to increase the allergen-specific IgE and IgG2a responses after subcutaneous injection of particles with allergen in mice. However, some fractions appeared to skew the antibody response towards more Th1- or Th2-associated antibody isotypes, and the fine fractions were found to be more potent than the coarse fractions with regard to IgE adjuvant activity. In the present study we investigated the cellular response in the draining lymph node 5 days after a subcutaneous injection of selected RAIAP particle fractions. The particles (100 microg) were injected into both hind footpads of BALB/cA mice, in the presence or absence of the allergen ovalbumin (OVA, 50 microg). We also studied if the coarse and fine RAIAP particle fractions affected the cellular responses to OVA differently. The number of lymph node cells, as well as the relative number of B and T lymphocytes and T helper cells were determined. Expression of cell surface molecules (MHC class II, CD86 and CD23) and ex vivo cytokine production (IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) by the lymph node cells were measured. Overall, particles in the presence of allergen enhanced the levels of the various cellular parameters compared to allergen alone or particles alone. In the absence of allergen, ambient air particles, in contrast to diesel exhaust particles, marginally affected some cellular parameters. By histological examination of the lymph node, the particles appeared to be scattered between the lymphocytes, often localised within macrophage-like (acid phosphatase positive) cells. The cell parameters measured could, for the individual sample, neither predict the degree of a Th2- or Th1-skewed antibody response, nor the stronger antibody adjuvant capacity of the fine than the coarse particle fractions. In conclusion, we have shown that coarse and fine ambient air particles from different European cities enhance the cellular response in the draining lymph node after injection with an allergen. In the absence of allergen, ambient particles only marginally affected the cellular parameters.
在RAIAP（环境颗粒物导致的呼吸道过敏与炎症）项目中，对来自阿姆斯特丹、奥斯陆、罗兹和罗马的环境空气颗粒物的定性特征与炎症和过敏的关系进行了研究。皮下注射含过敏原的颗粒物后，发现大多数收集的颗粒物组分可增加小鼠体内过敏原特异性IgE和IgG2a反应。然而，一些组分似乎使抗体反应偏向更多与Th1或Th2相关的抗体亚型，并且就IgE佐剂活性而言，细颗粒物组分比粗颗粒物组分更具效力。在本研究中，我们调查了皮下注射选定的RAIAP颗粒物组分5天后引流淋巴结中的细胞反应。将颗粒物（100微克）注射到BALB/cA小鼠的双后足垫中，同时存在或不存在过敏原卵清蛋白（OVA，50微克）。我们还研究了RAIAP粗、细颗粒物组分对OVA细胞反应影响是否不同。测定了淋巴结细胞数量以及B和T淋巴细胞及T辅助细胞的相对数量。测量了淋巴结细胞表面分子（MHC II类、CD86和CD23）的表达以及体外细胞因子产生（IL-4、IL-10和IFN-γ）。总体而言，与单独的过敏原或单独的颗粒物相比，存在过敏原时的颗粒物增强了各种细胞参数水平。在不存在过敏原的情况下，与柴油废气颗粒物相比，环境空气颗粒物对一些细胞参数的影响微乎其微。通过淋巴结组织学检查，颗粒物似乎散布在淋巴细胞之间，常定位于巨噬细胞样（酸性磷酸酶阳性）细胞内。对于单个样本，所测量的细胞参数既无法预测Th2或Th1偏向性抗体反应的程度，也无法预测细颗粒物组分比粗颗粒物组分更强的抗体佐剂能力。总之，我们已表明，来自不同欧洲城市的粗、细环境空气颗粒物在注射过敏原后可增强引流淋巴结中的细胞反应。在不存在过敏原的情况下，环境颗粒物仅对细胞参数有轻微影响。
