Karlsson J A, Choudry N B, Zackrisson C, Fuller R W
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1992 Feb;72(2):434-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.434.
The effects of nebulized diuretics on citric acid-induced cough and airway obstruction in guinea pigs and capsaicin-induced cough and increase in airway resistance in humans have been studied. Half-maximum inhibition of cough in the guinea pig was produced by 1.3 mM furosemide and 0.25 mM hydrochlorothiazide. Cough was inhibited by 78 +/- 9% by 3 mM furosemide (P less than 0.05) and 89 +/- 11% by 3 mM hydrochlorothiazide (P less than 0.01). At the same time, airway obstruction was inhibited by 50 +/- 9% (P less than 0.001) and 42 +/- 15% (P less than 0.05), respectively. Nebulized furosemide (3 mM) was without effect on the airway obstruction produced by inhaled histamine or acetylcholine in the guinea pigs. Intravenously administered furosemide (270 nmol/kg) did not affect citric acid-induced responses. In humans, aerosolized furosemide (9 mM) and hydrochlorothiazide (3.4 mM) reduced the percent increase in respiratory resistance from 22.1 +/- 3.7 and 15.6 +/- 3.4 to 10.5 +/- 4.9 and 9.4 +/- 3.3%, respectively (P less than 0.05), but were without effect on cough due to capsaicin. Thus both furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide inhibited airway obstruction in the guinea pig and reduced the capsaicin-induced increase in airway resistance in humans. However, whereas coughing was inhibited in the guinea pig, neither drug affected cough in humans. This difference in the action of the loop diuretic and thiazide, which interact differently with Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-transport within the airway mucosa, on the cough and airflow obstruction in guinea pig and humans supports the view that different sensory limbs are involved in these reflexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
已对雾化利尿剂对柠檬酸诱发的豚鼠咳嗽和气道阻塞以及辣椒素诱发的人类咳嗽和气道阻力增加的影响进行了研究。1.3 mM 呋塞米和 0.25 mM 氢氯噻嗪可使豚鼠咳嗽抑制率达到半数最大抑制。3 mM 呋塞米使咳嗽抑制率为 78±9%（P<0.05），3 mM 氢氯噻嗪使咳嗽抑制率为 89±11%（P<0.01）。同时，气道阻塞分别被抑制 50±9%（P<0.001）和 42±15%（P<0.05）。雾化呋塞米（3 mM）对豚鼠吸入组胺或乙酰胆碱所致气道阻塞无作用。静脉注射呋塞米（270 nmol/kg）不影响柠檬酸诱发的反应。在人类中，雾化呋塞米（9 mM）和氢氯噻嗪（3.4 mM）分别使呼吸阻力增加百分比从 22.1±3.7 和 15.6±3.4 降至 10.5±4.9 和 9.4±3.3%（P<0.05），但对辣椒素所致咳嗽无作用。因此，呋塞米和氢氯噻嗪均抑制豚鼠气道阻塞并降低人类辣椒素诱发的气道阻力增加。然而，虽然在豚鼠中咳嗽受到抑制，但两种药物对人类咳嗽均无影响。袢利尿剂和噻嗪类利尿剂在气道黏膜内与 Na(+)-K(+)-Cl 转运的相互作用不同，它们对豚鼠和人类咳嗽及气流阻塞作用的这种差异支持了不同感觉分支参与这些反射的观点。（摘要截短于 250 字）
