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在含有亚铁离子和铜离子的水溶液中四氯化碳的还原脱氯作用

Reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solutions containing ferrous and copper ions.

作者信息

Maithreepala R A, Doong Ruey-an

机构信息

Department of Atomic Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.

出版信息

Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Dec 15;38(24):6676-84. doi: 10.1021/es0493906.

Abstract

Fe(II) associated with iron-containing minerals has been shown to be a potential reductant in natural subsurface environments. While it is known that the surface-bound iron species has the capacity to dechlorinate various chlorinated compounds, the role of transition metals to act as catalysts with these iron species is of importance. We previously observed that the reduction of Cu(II) by Fe(II) associated with goethite enhanced the dechlorination efficiency of chlorinated compound. In this study, the reductive dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by dissolved Fe(II) in the presence of Cu(II) ions was investigated to understand the synergistic effect of Fe(II) and Cu(II) on the dechlorination processes in homogeneous aqueous solutions. The dechlorination efficiency of CCl4 by Fe(II) increased with increasing Cu(II) concentrations over the range of 0.2-0.5 mM and then decreased at high Cu(II) concentrations. The efficiency and rate of CCl4 dechlorination also increased with increasing dissolved Fe(II) concentration in the presence of 0.5 mM Cu(II) at neutral pH. When the Fe(II)/Cu(II) ratio varied between 1 and 10, the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k(obs)) increased 250-fold from 0.007 h(-1) at 0.5 mM Fe(II) to 1.754 h(-1) at 5 mM Fe(II). X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that Cu(II) can react with Fe(II) to produce different morphologies of ferric oxides and subsequently accelerate the dechlorination rate of CCl4 at a high Fe(II) concentration. Amorphous ferrihydrite was observed when the stoichiometric Fe(II)/Cu(II) ratio was 1, while green rust, goethite, and magnetite were formed when the molar ratios of Fe(II)/Cu(II) reached 4-6. In addition, the dechlorination of CCl4 by dissolved Fe(II) is pH dependent. CCl4 can be dechlorinated by Fe(II) over a wide range of pH values in the Cu(II)-amended solutions, and the k(obs) increased from 0.0057 h(-1) at pH 4.3 to 0.856 h(-1) at pH 8.5, which was 9-25 times greater than that in the absence of Cu(II) at pH 7-8.5. The high reactivity of dissolved Fe(II) on the dechlorination of CCl4 in the presence of Cu(II) under anoxic conditions may enhance our understanding of the role of Fe(II) and the long-term reactivity of the zerovalent iron system in the dechlorination processes for chlorinated organic contaminants.

摘要

与含铁矿物相关的Fe(II)已被证明是天然地下环境中的一种潜在还原剂。虽然已知表面结合的铁物种有能力对各种氯化化合物进行脱氯,但过渡金属作为这些铁物种的催化剂的作用很重要。我们之前观察到,与针铁矿相关的Fe(II)对Cu(II)的还原增强了氯化化合物的脱氯效率。在本研究中,研究了在Cu(II)离子存在下溶解态Fe(II)对四氯化碳(CCl4)的还原脱氯,以了解Fe(II)和Cu(II)在均相水溶液中对脱氯过程的协同作用。在0.2 - 0.5 mM范围内,随着Cu(II)浓度的增加,Fe(II)对CCl4的脱氯效率提高,然后在高Cu(II)浓度下降低。在中性pH值下,在0.5 mM Cu(II)存在时,CCl4的脱氯效率和速率也随着溶解态Fe(II)浓度的增加而提高。当Fe(II)/Cu(II)比值在1到10之间变化时,准一级速率常数(k(obs))从0.5 mM Fe(II)时的0.007 h(-1)增加250倍至5 mM Fe(II)时的1.754 h(-1)。X射线粉末衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析表明,Cu(II)可与Fe(II)反应生成不同形态的铁氧化物,随后在高Fe(II)浓度下加速CCl4的脱氯速率。当化学计量比Fe(II)/Cu(II)为1时观察到无定形水铁矿,而当Fe(II)/Cu(II)摩尔比达到4 - 6时形成了绿锈、针铁矿和磁铁矿。此外,溶解态Fe(II)对CCl4的脱氯作用取决于pH值。在添加了Cu(II)的溶液中,CCl4可在很宽的pH值范围内被Fe(II)脱氯,k(obs)从pH 4.3时的0.0057 h(-1)增加到pH 8.5时的0.856 h(-1),在pH 7 - 8.5时比不存在Cu(II)时高9 - 25倍。在缺氧条件下,溶解态Fe(II)在Cu(II)存在时对CCl4脱氯的高反应活性可能会增进我们对Fe(II)的作用以及零价铁体系在氯化有机污染物脱氯过程中的长期反应活性的理解。

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