Auer Herbert, Aspöck Horst
Abteilung für Medizinische Parasitologie, Klinisches Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Osterreich.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004;116 Suppl 4:7-18.
Toxocara canis and T. cati are not only ubiquitously distributed parasites of dogs, foxes and cats, but may also infest humans, causing a great variety of symptoms and sometimes also severe diseases: the visceral larva migrans syndrome, the ocular larva migrans syndrome, covert toxocarosis, common toxocarosis, neurological toxocarosis, and some other clinical pictures (asthma bronchiale, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis) are considered to be induced by Toxocara species. Both Toxocara species are also widely distributed in Austrian dog, fox and cat populations; seroepidemiological studies carried out in Austria revealed seroprevalence rates of 3.7% among the normal human population and up to 44% among persons particularly exposed to those parasites (i.e. veterinarians, farmers). Although many Toxocara infestations do not cause severe clinical manifestations, a few dozens of toxocarosis patients have been registered every year during the last years; in reality, however, we have to assume that several hundreds of patients suffer from toxocarosis. This paper tries to give a synoptic overview of the nosology of this (still) largely almost unknown helminthozoonosis, moreover it summarizes the most important epidemiologic parameters, and presents the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities available today.
犬弓首蛔虫和猫弓首蛔虫不仅是广泛分布于犬、狐和猫的寄生虫，还可能感染人类，引发多种症状，有时还会导致严重疾病：内脏幼虫移行症综合征、眼幼虫移行症综合征、隐匿性弓首蛔虫病、普通弓首蛔虫病、神经弓首蛔虫病以及其他一些临床症状（支气管哮喘、癫痫、类风湿性关节炎）被认为是由弓首蛔虫属物种引起的。这两种弓首蛔虫在奥地利的犬、狐和猫群体中也广泛分布；在奥地利进行的血清流行病学研究显示，普通人群的血清阳性率为3.7%，而在特别容易接触这些寄生虫的人群（即兽医、农民）中，血清阳性率高达44%。尽管许多弓首蛔虫感染不会引发严重的临床表现，但在过去几年中，每年都有几十例弓首蛔虫病患者登记在册；然而实际上，我们不得不假定有数百名患者患有弓首蛔虫病。本文试图对这种（目前）在很大程度上仍几乎不为人知的蠕虫病的疾病分类学进行简要概述，此外还总结了最重要的流行病学参数，并介绍了目前可用的诊断和治疗方法。
