van den Eynde B, Kjaer I, Solow B, Graem N, Kjaer T W, Mathiesen M
Institute of Orthodontics, Royal Dental College Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol. 1992 Jan-Mar;12(1):22-32.
The purpose of the present study was to describe normal midsagittal craniofacial morphology in second trimester human fetuses. Measurements of the cranial base angle and the prognathism of the maxilla and the mandible were performed on radiographs of cranial midsagittal tissue blocks of 52 fetuses with a gestational age from 13 to 27 weeks. Special procedures were developed for the definitions of the nasion and sella reference points on the radiographs in the early stages of fetal development. Mean data were reported for stages of crown rump length (CRL) and maturation of the fetal cranial base (MSS), usable as reference in assessment of pathological fetal crania in reports and autopsy procedures. Regression equations were determined for the regression of the angular values on CRL, MSS, and general skeletal maturation (TNO). The cranial base angle was found to decrease significantly, and the angles of prognathism to increase significantly with increasing CRL, TNO, and MSS values. It was suggested that these simultaneous and similar changes in the three angles could be accounted for by the upwards movement of the sella point produced by a cranial displacement of the pituitary fossa caused by local cartilagenous growth and bony remodelling during the period of study. The study thus reflects the influence of cranial skeletal maturation on the early development in shape of the craniofacial complex.
本研究的目的是描述孕中期人类胎儿的正常矢状面颅面形态。对52例孕龄为13至27周胎儿的颅矢状组织块X线片进行颅底角、上颌骨和下颌骨前突测量。针对胎儿发育早期X线片上鼻根点和蝶鞍参考点的定义制定了特殊程序。报告了以顶臀长（CRL）阶段和胎儿颅底成熟度（MSS）表示的平均数据，可用于报告和尸检程序中评估病理性胎儿颅骨。确定了角度值与CRL、MSS和一般骨骼成熟度（TNO）之间的回归方程。研究发现，随着CRL、TNO和MSS值增加，颅底角显著减小，前突角显著增大。研究表明，在研究期间，由于局部软骨生长和骨重塑导致垂体窝颅骨移位，蝶鞍点向上移动，这可以解释三个角度同时出现的类似变化。因此，该研究反映了颅骨骨骼成熟对颅面复合体早期形态发育的影响。
