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钙信号传导的另一个维度:细胞外钙的研究。

Another dimension to calcium signaling: a look at extracellular calcium.

作者信息

Hofer Aldebaran M

机构信息

VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Parkway, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA.

出版信息

J Cell Sci. 2005 Mar 1;118(Pt 5):855-62. doi: 10.1242/jcs.01705.

Abstract

Cell biologists know the calcium ion best as a vital intracellular second messenger that governs countless cellular functions. However, the recent identification of cell-surface detectors for extracellular Ca(2+) has prompted consideration of whether Ca(2+) also functions as a signaling molecule in the extracellular milieu. The cast of Ca(2+) sensors includes the well-characterized extracellular-Ca(2+)-sensing receptor, a G-protein-coupled receptor originally isolated from the parathyroid gland. In addition, other receptors, channels and membrane proteins, such as gap junction hemichannels, metabotropic glutamate receptors, HERG K(+) channels and the receptor Notch, are all sensitive to external [Ca(2+)] fluctuations. A recently cloned Ca(2+) sensor (CAS) in Arabidopsis extends this concept to the plant kingdom. Emerging evidence indicates that [Ca(2+)] in the local microenvironment outside the cell undergoes alterations potentially sufficient to exert biological actions through these sensor proteins. The extracellular space might therefore constitute a much more dynamic Ca(2+) signaling compartment than previously appreciated.

摘要

细胞生物学家最为熟知钙离子是一种至关重要的细胞内第二信使,它掌控着无数的细胞功能。然而,最近细胞表面细胞外Ca(2+)探测器的发现促使人们思考Ca(2+)在细胞外环境中是否也作为一种信号分子发挥作用。Ca(2+)传感器包括特征明确的细胞外Ca(2+)传感受体,这是一种最初从甲状旁腺分离出的G蛋白偶联受体。此外,其他受体、通道和膜蛋白,如间隙连接半通道、代谢型谷氨酸受体、HERG K(+)通道和Notch受体,都对细胞外[Ca(2+)]波动敏感。拟南芥中最近克隆的一种Ca(2+)传感器(CAS)将这一概念扩展到了植物界。新出现的证据表明,细胞外局部微环境中的[Ca(2+)]发生的变化可能足以通过这些传感蛋白发挥生物学作用。因此,细胞外空间可能构成一个比以前所认识到的更具动态性的Ca(2+)信号区室。

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