Ortega-Jimenez E, Alexandre G, Arquet R, Mahieu M, Xandé A
Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, INRA Antilles-Guyane, Domaine Duclos - Prise d'Eau 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, French West Indies.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2005 Feb;37(2):151-65. doi: 10.1023/b:trop.0000048444.38726.61.
In Guadeloupe, small ruminants are reared for meat production under pasture conditions. Intensive rotative grazing systems (irrigated, fertilized and high-stocked tropical pastures) allow satisfactory levels of production but generate high post-grazing residues. Experiments were designed to control these. A system in which residuals were mown (RM) was tested in comparison to the control system (residuals remained, RR). The same design was carried out over two years with Creole goats and Martinik sheep. An accelerated reproductive rate (3 parturitions over 2 years) was carried out. Systems were compared at three parturition seasons per year (dry, intermediate and rainy seasons). Each group was composed of 20 goats (36.0+/-2.5 kg) or 20 ewes (46.8+/-2.4 kg). The systems exhibited high levels of productivity in both species compared to other results in the tropics: more than 50 and 30 offspring born alive per hectare and per reproductive season for the goat and ewe flocks, respectively. The annual production at birth was 110 kg kids/ha per year and 133 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 21% more). Corresponding values at weaning were 630 kg kids/ha per year and 785 kg lambs/ha per year (i.e. 25% more). The RM system produced 10% more than the RR system in Creole goats, while it produced 35% more in Martinik sheep. Seasonal effects and other factors of variation are discussed.
在瓜德罗普岛,小型反刍动物在牧场条件下饲养用于肉类生产。集约化轮牧系统(灌溉、施肥且高密度放养的热带牧场)能实现令人满意的生产水平,但会产生大量放牧后残留物。为此设计了实验来控制这些残留物。与对照系统(残留物保留,RR)相比,测试了一种将残留物割除的系统(RM)。对克里奥尔山羊和马提尼克绵羊在两年内进行了相同的设计。实施了加速繁殖率(两年内产仔3次)。每年在三个产仔季节(旱季、过渡期和雨季)对各系统进行比较。每组由20只山羊(36.0±2.5千克)或20只母羊(46.8±2.4千克)组成。与热带地区的其他结果相比,这两个系统在两个物种中都展现出了较高的生产力:山羊和母羊群每公顷及每个繁殖季节分别有超过50只和30只存活后代出生。出生时的年生产量分别为每年每公顷110千克山羊羔和133千克羊羔(即多21%)。断奶时的相应产量分别为每年每公顷630千克山羊羔和785千克羊羔(即多25%)。在克里奥尔山羊中,RM系统的产量比RR系统高10%,而在马提尼克绵羊中则高35%。文中讨论了季节效应和其他变异因素。