Perr Jeannette M, Furton Kenneth G, Almirall José R
Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and International Forensic Research Institute, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
J Sep Sci. 2005 Feb;28(2):177-83. doi: 10.1002/jssc.200401893.
Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a rugged, inexpensive, sensitive, field portable technique for the detection of organic compounds. It is widely employed in ports of entry and by the military as a particle detector for explosives and drugs of abuse. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an effective extraction technique that has been successfully employed in the field for the pre-concentration of a variety of compounds. Many organic high explosives do not have a high enough vapor pressure for effective vapor sampling. However, these explosives and their commercial explosive mixtures have characteristic volatile components detectable in their headspace. In addition, taggants are added to explosives to aid in detection through headspace sampling. SPME can easily extract these compounds from the headspace for IMS vapor detection. An interface that couples SPME to IMS was constructed and evaluated for the detection of the following detection taggants: 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT), 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), and 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB). The interface was also evaluated for the following common explosives: smokeless powder (nitrocellulose, NC), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (2,4,6-TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). This is the first peer reviewed report of a SPME-IMS system that is shown to extract volatile constituent chemicals and detection taggants in explosives from a headspace for subsequent detection in a simple, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive manner.
离子迁移谱(IMS)是一种用于检测有机化合物的坚固耐用、成本低廉、灵敏度高且便于现场携带的技术。它在入境口岸被广泛应用,并且被军方用作爆炸物和滥用药物的粒子探测器。固相微萃取(SPME)是一种有效的萃取技术,已成功应用于现场对多种化合物进行预浓缩。许多有机烈性炸药的蒸气压不足以进行有效的蒸气采样。然而,这些炸药及其商业炸药混合物具有可在其顶空中检测到的特征挥发性成分。此外,会向炸药中添加示踪剂以通过顶空采样辅助检测。SPME可以轻松地从顶空中萃取这些化合物,用于IMS蒸气检测。构建了一个将SPME与IMS联用的接口,并对以下检测示踪剂进行了检测评估:2-硝基甲苯(2-NT)、4-硝基甲苯(4-NT)和2,3-二甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷(DMNB)。还对以下常见炸药进行了该接口的评估:无烟火药(硝化纤维素,NC)、2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)、2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(2,4,6-TNT)、六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-s-三嗪(RDX)和季戊四醇四硝酸酯(PETN)。这是首篇经同行评审的关于SPME-IMS系统的报告,该系统能够从顶空中萃取出炸药中的挥发性成分化学物质和检测示踪剂,以便随后以简单、快速、灵敏且经济的方式进行检测。