Moss Andrew, Brodie Jon, Furnas Miles
Queensland Environmental Protection Agency, Brisbane, Australia.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2005;51(1-4):76-88. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.10.052. Epub 2004 Dec 10.
The Australian and New Zealand Guidelines for Fresh and Marine Water Quality (ANZECC Guidelines) provide default national guideline values for a wide range of indicators of relevance to the protection of the ecological condition of natural waters. However, the ANZECC Guidelines also place a strong emphasis on the need to develop more locally relevant guidelines. Using a structured framework, this paper explores indicators and regional data sets that can be used to develop more locally relevant guidelines for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA). The paper focuses on the water quality impacts of adjacent catchments on the GBRWHA with the key stressors addressed being nutrients, sediments and agricultural chemicals. Indicators relevant to these stressors are discussed including both physico-chemical pressure indicators and biological condition indicators. Where adequate data sets are available, guideline values are proposed. Generally, data were much more readily available for physico-chemical pressure indicators than for biological condition indicators. Specifically, guideline values are proposed for the major nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and for chlorophyll-a. More limited guidelines are proposed for sediment related indicators. For most agricultural chemicals, the ANZECC Guidelines are likely to remain the default of choice for some time but it is noted that there is data in the literature that could be used to develop more locally relevant guidelines.
《澳大利亚和新西兰淡水及海水水质指南》(ANZECC指南)为一系列与保护天然水生态状况相关的指标提供了国家默认指南值。然而,ANZECC指南也特别强调制定更具地方相关性指南的必要性。本文采用结构化框架,探讨可用于为大堡礁世界遗产区(GBRWHA)制定更具地方相关性指南的指标和区域数据集。本文重点关注相邻流域对GBRWHA的水质影响,所涉及的主要压力源包括营养物质、沉积物和农用化学品。讨论了与这些压力源相关的指标,包括物理化学压力指标和生物状况指标。在有足够数据集的情况下,提出了指南值。一般来说,物理化学压力指标的数据比生物状况指标的数据更容易获取。具体而言,针对主要营养物质氮(N)和磷(P)以及叶绿素a提出了指南值。针对与沉积物相关的指标提出的指南较为有限。对于大多数农用化学品,在一段时间内,ANZECC指南可能仍是默认选择,但需要注意的是,文献中有可用于制定更具地方相关性指南的数据。