DeWall Richard
Department of Surgery, Wright State University Medical School, Dayton, OH 45419, USA.
Am Heart Hosp J. 2003 Winter;1(1):16-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1541-9215.2003.02083.x.
Intracardiac surgery requires the use of a pump-oxygenator to maintain life while the heart is taken out of its usual circuit. Open-heart surgery became practical with the introduction of perfusion systems in the early 1950s. Many factors merged at this time to initiate the beginnings of open-heart surgery.