Shaw Susan D, Brenner Diane, Bourakovsky Anna, Mahaffey Christie A, Perkins Christopher R
Marine Environmental Research Institute, 55 Main Street, P.O. Box 1652, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2005 Oct;50(10):1069-84. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.04.010.
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites, chlordane-related compounds (CHLs), mirex, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were determined in blubber of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina concolor) from the northwestern Atlantic coast. PCBs, DDTs, and CHLs were the major persistent organochlorines in harbor seal blubber, while mirex, HCHs, dieldrin, and HCB were minor contaminants. Highest concentrations were found in the adult males, followed by the pups, yearlings, adult females, and fetuses. DDT and PCB concentrations have declined from the high levels reported in the early 1970s, but no declines were observed in our samples over the ten-year period 1991-2001. DDT/PCB ratios were indicative of a more rapid decline of DDTs than PCBs, while ratios of p,p'-DDE/DDT were indicative of a metabolic "weathering" of DDT. The population appears to be susceptible to disease outbreaks, as evidenced by a recurrence of viral epizootics since the late 1970s. The PCB burdens in these seals are similar to levels reported in seals from polluted regions of Europe and Asia, and exceed the estimated threshold levels for adverse reproductive and immune system effects in the species.
测定了来自大西洋西北海岸的港海豹（Phoca vitulina concolor）皮下脂肪中多氯联苯（PCBs）、滴滴涕（DDT）及其代谢产物、氯丹相关化合物（CHLs）、灭蚁灵、六氯环己烷异构体（HCHs）、狄氏剂和六氯苯（HCB）的浓度。多氯联苯、滴滴涕和氯丹相关化合物是港海豹皮下脂肪中的主要持久性有机氯污染物，而灭蚁灵、六氯环己烷异构体、狄氏剂和六氯苯是次要污染物。在成年雄性海豹中发现的浓度最高，其次是幼崽、一岁海豹、成年雌性海豹和胎儿中的浓度。滴滴涕和多氯联苯的浓度已从20世纪70年代初报告的高水平下降，但在我们1991 - 2001年的十年样本中未观察到下降。滴滴涕/多氯联苯的比值表明滴滴涕的下降速度比多氯联苯更快，而p,p'-滴滴伊/滴滴涕的比值表明滴滴涕发生了代谢“老化”。自20世纪70年代末以来，病毒流行病反复出现，这表明该种群似乎易受疾病爆发的影响。这些海豹体内的多氯联苯负荷与欧洲和亚洲污染地区海豹报告的水平相似，并且超过了该物种对生殖和免疫系统产生不良影响的估计阈值水平。
