Miyajima A, Kitamura T, Harada N, Yokota T, Arai K
Department of Molecular Biology, DNAX Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Annu Rev Immunol. 1992;10:295-331. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.001455.
Cytokines play a vital role in coordinating immune and inflammatory responses. Unlike growth factor receptors with a tyrosine kinase, cytokine receptors have no intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. Based on their structure, cytokine receptors are classified into several groups. High affinity receptors for IL-2, IL-3, IL-5, IL-6, and GM-CSF are composed of at least two distinct subunits, alpha and beta. The alpha subunits are primary cytokine binding proteins, and the beta subunits are required for formation of high affinity binding sites as well as for signal transduction. The GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 receptors appear to share the same beta subunit in human, and therefore cross-talk among these cytokines may occur at the receptor level. High affinity receptors presumably are linked to various signal transduction pathways that lead to different cytokine functions. Differential expression of the cytokine receptors as well as reorganization of intracellular signalling pathways are critical for development of hemopoietic cells.
细胞因子在协调免疫和炎症反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。与具有酪氨酸激酶的生长因子受体不同，细胞因子受体没有内在的酪氨酸激酶活性。根据其结构，细胞因子受体可分为几组。IL-2、IL-3、IL-5、IL-6和GM-CSF的高亲和力受体至少由两个不同的亚基α和β组成。α亚基是主要的细胞因子结合蛋白，β亚基对于形成高亲和力结合位点以及信号转导是必需的。GM-CSF、IL-3和IL-5受体在人类中似乎共享相同的β亚基，因此这些细胞因子之间可能在受体水平发生相互作用。高亲和力受体可能与导致不同细胞因子功能的各种信号转导途径相关联。细胞因子受体的差异表达以及细胞内信号通路的重组对于造血细胞的发育至关重要。
