Garant Dany, Kruuk Loeske E B
Edward Grey Institute, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Jun;14(7):1843-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02561.x.
Estimating the genetic basis of phenotypic traits and the selection pressures acting on them are central to our understanding of the evolution and conservation of wild populations. However, obtaining such evolutionary-related parameters is not an easy task as it requires accurate information on both relatedness among individuals and their breeding success. Polymorphic molecular markers are very useful in estimating relatedness between individuals and parentage analyses are now extensively used in most taxa. The next step in the application of molecular data to wild populations is to use them to derive estimates of evolutionary-related parameters for quantitative traits, such as quantitative genetic parameters (e.g. heritability, genetic correlations) and measures of selection (e.g. selection gradients). Despite their great appeal and potential, the optimal use of molecular tools is still debated and it remains unclear how they should best be used to obtain reliable estimates of evolutionary parameters in the wild. Here, we review the methods available for estimating quantitative genetic and selection parameters and discuss their merits and shortcomings, to provide a tool that summarizes the potential uses of molecular data to obtain such parameters in wild populations.
估计表型性状的遗传基础以及作用于这些性状的选择压力，对于我们理解野生种群的进化和保护至关重要。然而，获取此类与进化相关的参数并非易事，因为这需要个体间亲缘关系及其繁殖成功率的准确信息。多态分子标记在估计个体间亲缘关系方面非常有用，亲子关系分析如今在大多数分类群中得到广泛应用。将分子数据应用于野生种群的下一步是利用它们来推导数量性状的与进化相关参数的估计值，例如数量遗传参数（如遗传力、遗传相关性）和选择度量（如选择梯度）。尽管分子工具具有很大吸引力和潜力，但如何最佳使用它们仍存在争议，目前尚不清楚如何最好地利用它们来获得野生种群中进化参数的可靠估计值。在此，我们综述了可用于估计数量遗传和选择参数的方法，并讨论了它们的优缺点，以提供一个工具，总结分子数据在野生种群中获取此类参数的潜在用途。
