Claes Filip, Büscher Philippe, Touratier Louis, Goddeeris Bruno Maria
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Faculty of Applied Bioscience and Engineering, Department of Animal Sciences, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
Trends Parasitol. 2005 Jul;21(7):316-21. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2005.05.010.
After 100 years of research, only a small number of laboratory strains of Trypanosoma equiperdum exists, and the history of most of the strains is unknown. No definitive diagnosis of dourine can be made at the serological or molecular level. Only clinical signs are pathognomonic and international screening relies on an outdated cross-reactive serological test (the complement-fixation test) from 1915, resulting in serious consequences at the practical level. Despite many characterization attempts, no clear picture has emerged of the position of T. equiperdum within the Trypanozoon group. In this article, we highlight the controversies that exist regarding T. equiperdum, and the overlap that occurs with Trypanosoma evansi and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. By revisiting the published data, from the early decades of discovery to the recent serological- and molecular-characterization studies, a new hypothesis arises in which T. equiperdum no longer exists as a separate species and in which current strains can be divided into T. evansi (the historical mistake) and Trypanosoma brucei equiperdum (the master of disguise). Hence, dourine is a disease caused by specific host immune responses to a T. b. equiperdum or T. evansi infection.
经过100年的研究，仅存在少数马媾疫锥虫实验室菌株，且大多数菌株的历史不明。在血清学或分子水平上无法对马媾疫做出明确诊断。只有临床症状具有诊断特异性，而国际筛查依赖于1915年的一种过时的交叉反应血清学检测（补体结合试验），这在实际应用中导致了严重后果。尽管进行了许多特征描述尝试，但关于马媾疫锥虫在锥虫属中的地位仍未形成清晰的认识。在本文中，我们强调了关于马媾疫锥虫存在的争议，以及它与伊氏锥虫和布氏锥虫布氏亚种的重叠情况。通过回顾从发现的最初几十年到最近的血清学和分子特征研究的已发表数据，出现了一个新的假说，即马媾疫锥虫不再作为一个独立的物种存在，当前的菌株可分为伊氏锥虫（历史错误）和布氏锥虫马媾疫亚种（伪装高手）。因此，马媾疫是由宿主对布氏锥虫马媾疫亚种或伊氏锥虫感染的特异性免疫反应引起的疾病。
