Nicklaus Sophie, Boggio Vincent, Chabanet Claire, Issanchou Sylvie
UMR INRA-ENESAD FLAVIC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 17 rue Sully, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
Appetite. 2005 Jun;44(3):289-97. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2005.01.006. Epub 2005 Apr 19.
This prospective study of food variety seeking among children was conducted between 1982 and 1999, with a follow-up in 2001-2002. Two- to three-year-old children were given a free choice of lunch foods in a nursery canteen. Their food choices were recorded and used to calculate early variety seeking scores, globally and by food group (vegetables, animal products, dairy products, starchy foods and combined dishes). The same subjects (n=339) were contacted in 2001-2002, when they were: 17-22 (n=89), 13-16 (n=68), 8-12 (n=99) and 4-7 years of age (n=83). Follow-up variety seeking, globally and by food group, and food neophobia were evaluated using questionnaire instruments. Variety seeking at follow-up increased with early variety seeking and to a lesser extent with age, and decreased with food neophobia. Early and follow-up variety seeking scores were highly related for dairy products and vegetables. Follow-up variety seeking for animal products was higher for boys and increased with age for boys, but not for girls. For each food group, variety seeking at follow-up was related to food neophobia. This study suggests that the acquisition of food repertoire may be influenced by food exposure and food choice behaviours before the age of 4.
这项关于儿童食物种类偏好的前瞻性研究于1982年至1999年间开展，并于2001 - 2002年进行了随访。两到三岁的儿童在托儿所食堂可自由选择午餐食物。他们的食物选择被记录下来，用于计算早期种类偏好得分，包括总体得分以及按食物类别（蔬菜、动物产品、乳制品、淀粉类食物和混合菜肴）计算的得分。2001 - 2002年联系了相同的受试者（n = 339），当时他们的年龄分别为：17 - 22岁（n = 89）、13 - 16岁（n = 68）、8 - 12岁（n = 99）和4 - 7岁（n = 83）。使用问卷调查工具评估随访时的总体和按食物类别划分的种类偏好以及食物新恐惧症。随访时的种类偏好随着早期种类偏好增加，在较小程度上随年龄增加，且随着食物新恐惧症减少。乳制品和蔬菜的早期和随访种类偏好得分高度相关。男孩对动物产品的随访种类偏好更高，且男孩的这种偏好随年龄增加，但女孩并非如此。对于每个食物类别，随访时的种类偏好与食物新恐惧症有关。这项研究表明，4岁之前的食物接触和食物选择行为可能会影响食物种类储备的形成。
