Blow J Julian, Dutta Anindya
Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jun;6(6):476-86. doi: 10.1038/nrm1663.
To ensure its duplication, chromosomal DNA must be precisely duplicated in each cell cycle, with no sections left unreplicated, and no sections replicated more than once. Eukaryotic cells achieve this by dividing replication into two non-overlapping phases. During late mitosis and G1, replication origins are 'licensed' for replication by loading the minichromosome maintenance (Mcm) 2-7 proteins to form a pre-replicative complex. Mcm2-7 proteins are then essential for initiating and elongating replication forks during S phase. Recent data have provided biochemical and structural insight into the process of replication licensing and the mechanisms that regulate it during the cell cycle.
为确保染色体DNA的复制,其必须在每个细胞周期中精确复制,没有未复制的片段,也没有片段被复制超过一次。真核细胞通过将复制分为两个不重叠的阶段来实现这一点。在有丝分裂后期和G1期,通过加载微小染色体维持(Mcm)2-7蛋白以形成前复制复合物,复制起点被“许可”进行复制。然后,Mcm2-7蛋白对于在S期启动和延长复制叉至关重要。最近的数据为复制许可过程及其在细胞周期中的调控机制提供了生化和结构方面的见解。