Paradisi A, Capizzi R, Zampetti A, Proietti I, De Simone C, Feliciani C, Amerio P L
Department of Dermatology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
J Infect. 2005 Dec;51(5):e261-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2005.03.012. Epub 2005 Jun 2.
Multifocal cutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) is an extremely rare disease in South Europe, and it mainly affects immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of MCL in an immunocompetent patient affected by type II diabetes mellitus that clinically presented with three large ulcers on the legs with a non-linear distribution and several months later with an erythematous-crusty lesion on the left cheek. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum was formulated by PCR analysis. Given the diffuse and wide lesions, the unresponsiveness to previous local and systemic treatments, a parenteral i.v. therapy with liposomal amphotericin B at a dosage of 3mg/kg/day for 5 days was started and then repeated on the 14th and 21st days, leading to a clear improvement in the clinical picture. The different clinical expression and the evolution of leishmaniasis depend on both the parasite subtype and the host's immunity status. L. infantum manifests with an atypical clinical feature more frequently than other species. The differential diagnosis for multiple ulcers must include several skin diseases, such as cutaneous TBC, bacterial ulcers, traumatic ulcers, deep mycoses, and sarcoidosis. However, an MCL should always be considered in subjects coming from endemic areas. In our case, the multifocality, the size of the lesions and the unresponsiveness to other treatment indicate a short course treatment with liposomal B amphotericin that proved to be a suitable alternative to traditional drugs used in MCL.
多灶性皮肤利什曼病(MCL)在南欧是一种极其罕见的疾病,主要影响免疫抑制患者。我们报告一例MCL病例,患者为免疫功能正常的II型糖尿病患者,临床上表现为腿部有三个大溃疡,呈非线性分布,几个月后左侧脸颊出现红斑结痂性病变。通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)分析确诊为婴儿利什曼原虫引起的利什曼病。鉴于病变广泛且严重,对先前的局部和全身治疗无反应,开始采用静脉注射脂质体两性霉素B进行肠胃外治疗,剂量为3mg/kg/天,持续5天,然后在第14天和第21天重复治疗,临床症状明显改善。利什曼病的不同临床表现和病程演变取决于寄生虫亚型和宿主的免疫状态。婴儿利什曼原虫比其他种类更常表现出非典型临床特征。多个溃疡的鉴别诊断必须包括多种皮肤病,如皮肤结核、细菌性溃疡、创伤性溃疡、深部真菌病和结节病。然而,对于来自流行地区的患者,应始终考虑MCL。在我们的病例中,病变的多灶性、大小以及对其他治疗的无反应表明脂质体两性霉素B短程治疗是MCL传统用药的合适替代方案。