Seeram Navindra P, Adams Lynn S, Henning Susanne M, Niu Yantao, Zhang Yanjun, Nair Muraleedharan G, Heber David
Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
J Nutr Biochem. 2005 Jun;16(6):360-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.01.006.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits are widely consumed as juice (PJ). The potent antioxidant and anti-atherosclerotic activities of PJ are attributed to its polyphenols including punicalagin, the major fruit ellagitannin, and ellagic acid (EA). Punicalagin is the major antioxidant polyphenol ingredient in PJ. Punicalagin, EA, a standardized total pomegranate tannin (TPT) extract and PJ were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidant activities. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated for antiproliferative activity at 12.5-100 microg/ml on human oral (KB, CAL27), colon (HT-29, HCT116, SW480, SW620) and prostate (RWPE-1, 22Rv1) tumor cells. Punicalagin, EA and TPT were evaluated at 100 microg/ml concentrations for apoptotic effects and at 10 microg/ml concentrations for antioxidant properties. However, to evaluate the synergistic and/or additive contributions from other PJ phytochemicals, PJ was tested at concentrations normalized to deliver equivalent amounts of punicalagin (w/w). Apoptotic effects were evaluated against the HT-29 and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Antioxidant effects were evaluated using inhibition of lipid peroxidation and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Pomegranate juice showed greatest antiproliferative activity against all cell lines by inhibiting proliferation from 30% to 100%. At 100 microg/ml, PJ, EA, punicalagin and TPT induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cells. However, in the HCT116 colon cells, EA, punicalagin and TPT but not PJ induced apoptosis. The trend in antioxidant activity was PJ>TPT>punicalagin>EA. The superior bioactivity of PJ compared to its purified polyphenols illustrated the multifactorial effects and chemical synergy of the action of multiple compounds compared to single purified active ingredients.
石榴（Punica granatum L.）果实作为果汁（PJ）被广泛食用。PJ强大的抗氧化和抗动脉粥样硬化活性归因于其多酚类物质，包括石榴皮素（punicalagin），即主要的果实鞣花单宁，以及鞣花酸（EA）。石榴皮素是PJ中主要的抗氧化多酚成分。对石榴皮素、EA、标准化的总石榴单宁（TPT）提取物和PJ进行了体外抗增殖、凋亡和抗氧化活性评估。评估了石榴皮素、EA和TPT在12.5 - 100微克/毫升浓度下对人口腔（KB、CAL27）、结肠（HT - 29、HCT116、SW480、SW620）和前列腺（RWPE - 1、22Rv1）肿瘤细胞的抗增殖活性。评估了石榴皮素、EA和TPT在100微克/毫升浓度下的凋亡作用以及在10微克/毫升浓度下的抗氧化特性。然而，为了评估其他PJ植物化学物质的协同和/或加性作用，以能提供等量石榴皮素（重量/重量）的浓度对PJ进行了测试。针对HT - 29和HCT116结肠癌细胞系评估了凋亡作用。使用脂质过氧化抑制和Trolox等效抗氧化能力（TEAC）测定评估了抗氧化作用。石榴汁通过抑制30%至100%的增殖，对所有细胞系显示出最大的抗增殖活性。在100微克/毫升时，PJ、EA、石榴皮素和TPT诱导HT - 29结肠细胞凋亡。然而，在HCT116结肠细胞中，EA、石榴皮素和TPT诱导凋亡，而PJ未诱导凋亡。抗氧化活性趋势为PJ>TPT>石榴皮素>EA。与纯化的多酚相比，PJ具有更高的生物活性，这说明了与单一纯化活性成分相比，多种化合物作用的多因素效应和化学协同作用。
