Synthesis and secondary structure in membranes of the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic domain BH4.

Solid phase synthesis of BH4, the 26 amino-acid domain (6RTGYDNREIVMKYIHYKLSQRGYEWD31) of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein has been accomplished using Fmoc chemistry. The use of peculiar cleavage conditions provided high yields after purification such that tens to hundreds of mg could be obtained. A 15N-labelled version of the peptide could also be synthesized for NMR studies in membranes. The peptide purity was not lower than 98% as controlled by UV and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The secondary structure was determined in water, trifluoroethanol (TFE) and in lipid membrane using UV circular dichroism. The peptide shows dominant beta-sheeted structures in water that convert progressively into alpha-helical features upon addition of TFE or membrane. The amphipathic character of the helix suggests that the peptide might have a structure akin to those of antimicrobial peptides upon interaction with membranes.