Castellanos F Xavier, Sonuga-Barke Edmund J S, Scheres Anouk, Di Martino Adriana, Hyde Christopher, Walters Judith R
Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, New York University, Child Study Center, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Jun 1;57(11):1416-23. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.12.005. Epub 2005 Jan 28.
Intra-individual variability in behavior and functioning is ubiquitous among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but it has not been systematically examined or integrated within causal models. This article seeks to provide a conceptual, methodologic, and analytic framework as a foundation for future research. We first identify five key research questions and methodologic issues. For illustration, we examine the periodic structure of Eriksen Flanker task reaction time (RT) data obtained from 24 boys with ADHD and 18 age-matched comparison boys. Reaction time variability in ADHD differed quantitatively from control subjects, particularly at a modal frequency around .05 Hz (cycle length approximately 20 sec). These oscillations in RT were unaffected by double-blind placebo and were suppressed by double-blind methylphenidate. Together with converging lines of basic and clinical evidence, these secondary data analyses support the speculative hypothesis that the increased power of multisecond oscillations in ADHD RT data, and by inference, in attentional performance, represents a catecholaminergic deficit in the ability to appropriately modulate such oscillations in neuronal activity. These results highlight the importance of retaining time-series data and quantitatively examining intra-subject measures of variability as a putative endophenotype for ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿的行为和功能存在个体内变异性,这一现象普遍存在,但尚未在因果模型中得到系统研究或整合。本文旨在提供一个概念、方法和分析框架,作为未来研究的基础。我们首先确定了五个关键研究问题和方法学问题。为了说明这一点,我们检查了从24名患有ADHD的男孩和18名年龄匹配的对照男孩那里获得的埃里克森侧翼任务反应时间(RT)数据的周期性结构。ADHD患者的反应时间变异性在数量上与对照组不同,特别是在频率约为0.05赫兹(周期长度约为20秒)的模态频率下。这些RT振荡不受双盲安慰剂的影响,但被双盲哌甲酯抑制。这些二次数据分析与基础和临床证据的多条汇聚线一起,支持了这样一个推测性假设:ADHD患者RT数据中多秒振荡的功率增加,进而注意力表现中多秒振荡的功率增加,代表了在适当调节神经元活动中此类振荡能力的儿茶酚胺能缺陷。这些结果突出了保留时间序列数据并定量检查作为ADHD假定内表型的受试者内变异性测量的重要性。