Heller J, Bosward K L, Hodgson J L, Cole F L, Reid S W J, Hodgson D R, Mellor D J
University Veterinary Centre, Camden.
Aust Vet J. 2005 May;83(5):286-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2005.tb12743.x.
To obtain baseline data on the prevalence of elapid snake envenomation in dogs presented to veterinary practices in New South Wales and to assess attitudes of veterinarians to this clinical entity.
A mailed questionnaire, sent to all veterinary clinics within New South Wales, was utilised to collect epidemiological information regarding elapid snake envenomation in dogs.
A response rate of 68% was obtained and a yearly prevalence of snake envenomation in dogs across New South Wales veterinary clinics was estimated as 0.31%. The most common species reported to be responsible for envenomation within NSW was the Red Bellied Black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) followed by the Brown snake (Pseudonaja textilis) and then Tiger snake (Notechis scutatus). The reported envenomation syndromes caused by these common snake species were perceived to be similar for Brown and Tiger snakes but differed for Red Bellied Black snakes. Diagnosis of snake envenomation was based predominantly on the recognition of clinical signs. Specific diagnostic tests, such as venom detection kits, were used infrequently. The most common treatment was reported to be a combination of intravenous fluid therapy and antivenom, and monitoring of response to this treatment was usually through assessment of clinical signs. Survival after antivenom administration was reported to be highest for Red Bellied Black snake species. Survival was perceived to be associated with time between envenomation and presentation to the veterinary clinic and with antivenom administration.
Current attitudes and perceptions of veterinarians have been defined. Diagnosis of species-specific snake envenomation is shown to be made on the basis of clinical signs which are, however, reported as similar for each species. Clearer definition of these envenomation syndromes and identification of accessible diagnostic testing procedures are needed.
获取新南威尔士州兽医诊所收治的犬类被眼镜蛇科蛇咬伤中毒的基线数据，并评估兽医对这一临床病症的态度。
向新南威尔士州所有兽医诊所邮寄问卷，以收集有关犬类被眼镜蛇科蛇咬伤中毒的流行病学信息。
问卷回复率为68%，新南威尔士州各兽医诊所犬类蛇咬伤中毒的年发病率估计为0.31%。新南威尔士州报告的导致中毒的最常见蛇种是红腹黑蛇（Pseudechis porphyriacus），其次是棕蛇（Pseudonaja textilis），然后是虎蛇（Notechis scutatus）。据报告，这些常见蛇种导致的中毒综合征在棕蛇和虎蛇中被认为相似，但在红腹黑蛇中有所不同。蛇咬伤中毒的诊断主要基于临床症状的识别。毒液检测试剂盒等特定诊断测试很少使用。最常见的治疗方法据报告是静脉输液疗法和抗蛇毒血清联合使用，对这种治疗反应的监测通常通过评估临床症状来进行。据报告，注射抗蛇毒血清后红腹黑蛇种的存活率最高。存活率被认为与中毒到就诊的时间以及抗蛇毒血清的使用有关。
已明确兽医目前的态度和认知。研究表明，特定蛇种咬伤中毒的诊断是基于临床症状，但据报告每种蛇的临床症状相似。需要更清晰地定义这些中毒综合征，并确定可获取的诊断测试程序。
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