Contraception for the postpartum woman.

The postpartum woman has the full array of contraception options available to her to prevent a subsequent pregnancy. Two factors may influence the choice of the method and the timing of the onset of use (when pregnancy risk increases): the infant feeding mode chosen and the reproductive involution process. The major controversial area regarding contraception postpartum is the use of oral contraceptives if the mother is breastfeeding (ie, if and how do steroids affect the lactation process or infant health). This article reviews the physiologic and hormonal changes that occur after birth, examines the data available in relation to the influence of steroidal contraceptives on lactation, and presents postpartum implications of the use of the spectrum of contraceptive choices. The nurse can provide an important role in counseling postpartum women regarding contraceptive alternatives and supporting families in attaining their childbearing goals.