Rohlmann A, Zander T, Weber U, Bergmann G
Biomechanik-Labor, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin.
Biomed Tech (Berl). 2005 May;50(5):148-52. doi: 10.1515/BMT.2005.022.
Fractures of osteoporotic vertebral bodies are increasingly stabilized with bone cement. The effects of vertebral-body stiffness before and after augmentation with bone cement and of wedge-shaped vertebral body fractures on intradiscal pressure are insufficiently known. In a finite element model of the lumbar spine the elastic modulus of cancellous bone as well as the amount and the elastic modulus of bone cement were varied and the dependency of intradiscal pressure on these parameters was calculated. In addition, a wedge-shaped vertebral-body fracture was simulated. The bulge of the vertebral-body endplate and thus the intradiscal pressure depends strongly on the grade of osteoporosis in the vertebral body. The influence of amount and elastic modulus of bone cement on intradiscal pressure is small. A wedge-shaped vertebral-body fracture causes an anterior shift of upper-body centre of gravity. If this shift is not compensated, it leads to an increased flexion moment that has to be balanced by muscle forces. In addition, this shift leads to a stronger increase of intradiscal pressure than the augmentation of the vertebral body with bone cement.
骨质疏松性椎体骨折越来越多地通过骨水泥来实现稳定。骨水泥强化前后椎体刚度以及楔形椎体骨折对椎间盘内压力的影响尚不清楚。在腰椎有限元模型中,改变松质骨的弹性模量以及骨水泥的量和弹性模量,并计算椎间盘内压力对这些参数的依赖性。此外,模拟了楔形椎体骨折。椎体终板的凸起以及由此产生的椎间盘内压力在很大程度上取决于椎体的骨质疏松程度。骨水泥的量和弹性模量对椎间盘内压力的影响较小。楔形椎体骨折会导致上身重心向前移位。如果这种移位得不到补偿,就会导致增加的屈曲力矩,必须由肌肉力量来平衡。此外,这种移位导致的椎间盘内压力升高比用骨水泥强化椎体导致的升高更强烈。