Entry James A, Leytem April B, Verwey Sheryl
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, 3793 North, 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341, USA.
Environ Pollut. 2005 Nov;138(2):212-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.04.002.
We measured Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in soil and on fresh potato skins after addition of solid dairy manure and dairy compost with and without alum (Al(2)(SO(4))(3)) treatment 1, 7, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after application. The addition of dairy compost or solid dairy manure at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase E. coli and Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil sample after the first sampling day. Seven, 14, 28, 179 and 297 days after solid dairy waste and compost and alum were applied to soil, alum did not consistently affect Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform bacteria in the soil. We did not detect E. coli in any soil, fresh potato skin or potato wash-water at 214 days after dairy manure or compost application regardless of alum treatment. Dairy compost or solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake did not consistently increase Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in bulk soil. Solid dairy manure application to soil at rates to meet crop phosphorus uptake, increased Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers in potato rhizosphere soil. However, fresh potato skins had higher Enterococcus spp. and fecal coliform numbers when solid dairy manure was added to soil compared to compost, N and P inorganic fertilizer and N fertilizer treatments. We did not find any E. coli, Enterococcus or total coliform bacteria on the exterior of the tuber, within the peel or within a whole baked potato after microwave cooking for 5 min.
在添加固体奶牛粪便和奶牛堆肥并分别进行有无明矾（Al₂(SO₄)₃）处理后，于施用后1天、7天、14天、28天、179天和297天，我们测定了土壤以及新鲜土豆皮上的大肠杆菌、肠球菌属和粪大肠菌群数量。以满足作物磷吸收量的速率添加奶牛堆肥或固体奶牛粪便，并未持续增加土壤中的大肠杆菌、肠球菌属和粪大肠菌群。在首次采样日后，我们在任何土壤样本中均未检测到大肠杆菌。在固体奶牛粪便、堆肥和明矾施用于土壤后的7天、14天、28天、179天和297天，明矾并未持续影响土壤中的肠球菌属和粪大肠菌群。在施用奶牛粪便或堆肥214天后，无论是否进行明矾处理，我们在任何土壤、新鲜土豆皮或土豆清洗水中均未检测到大肠杆菌。以满足作物磷吸收量的速率向土壤中施用奶牛堆肥或固体奶牛粪便，并未持续增加整体土壤中的肠球菌属和粪大肠菌群数量。以满足作物磷吸收量的速率向土壤中施用固体奶牛粪便，增加了土豆根际土壤中的肠球菌属和粪大肠菌群数量。然而，与堆肥、氮磷无机肥料和氮肥处理相比，当向土壤中添加固体奶牛粪便时，新鲜土豆皮上的肠球菌属和粪大肠菌群数量更高。在将土豆微波烹饪5分钟后，我们在块茎外部、果皮内或整个烤土豆内均未发现任何大肠杆菌、肠球菌或总大肠菌群细菌。
