Beier Margaret E, Ackerman Phillip L
Department of Psychology.
School of Psychology.
Psychol Aging. 2005 Jun;20(2):341-355. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.20.2.341.
Prior knowledge, fluid intelligence (Gf), and crystallized intelligence (Gc) were investigated as predictors of learning new information about cardiovascular disease and xerography with a sample of 199 adults (19 to 68 years). The learning environment included a laboratory multimedia presentation (high-constraint-maximal effort), and a self-directed at-home study component (low-constraint-typical performance). Results indicated that prior knowledge and ability were important predictors of knowledge acquisition for learning. Gc was directly related to learning from the video for both domains. Because the trajectory of Gc stays relatively stable throughout the life span, these findings provide a more optimistic perspective on the relationship between aging and learning than that offered by theories that focus on the role of fluid abilities in learning.
以199名成年人（19至68岁）为样本，研究了先验知识、流体智力（Gf）和晶体智力（Gc）作为学习心血管疾病和静电复印新信息的预测因素。学习环境包括实验室多媒体演示（高约束-最大努力）和自主在家学习部分（低约束-典型表现）。结果表明，先验知识和能力是学习中知识获取的重要预测因素。Gc与两个领域从视频中的学习直接相关。由于Gc的轨迹在整个生命周期中保持相对稳定，这些发现为衰老与学习之间的关系提供了一个比关注流体能力在学习中作用的理论更为乐观的观点。
