Stefaniak Aleksandr B, Day Gregory A, Hoover Mark D, Breysse Patrick N, Scripsick Ronald C
Industrial Hygiene and Safety Group, MS K553, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
Toxicol In Vitro. 2006 Feb;20(1):82-95. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.031. Epub 2005 Aug 2.
Particle dissolution within macrophage phagolysosomes is hypothesized to be an important source of dissolved beryllium for input to the cell-mediated immune reaction associated with development of beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). To better understand the dissolution of beryllium materials associated with elevated prevalence of sensitization and CBD, single-constituent (beryllium oxide (BeO) particles sampled from a screener operation, finished product BeO powder, finish product beryllium metal powder) and multi-constituent (particles sampled from an arc furnace during processing of copper-beryllium alloy) aerosol materials were studied. Dissolution rates were measured using phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF) in a static dissolution technique and then normalized to measured values of specific surface area to calculate a chemical dissolution rate constant (k) for each material. Values of k, in g/(cm2 day), for screener BeO particles (1.3 +/- 1.9 x 10(-8)) and for BeO powder (1.1 +/- 0.5 x 10(-8)) were similar (p = 0.45). The value of k observed for beryllium metal powder (1.1 +/- 1.4 x 10(-7)) was significantly greater than observed for the BeO materials (p < 0.0003). For arc furnace particles, k (1.6 +/- 0.6 x 10(-7)) was significantly greater than observed for the BeO materials (p < 0.00001), despite the fact that the chemical form of beryllium in the aerosol was BeO. These results suggest that dissolution of beryllium differs among physicochemical forms of beryllium and direct measurement of dissolution is needed for multi-constituent aerosol. Additional studies of the dissolution behavior of beryllium materials in a variety of mixture configurations will aid in developing exposure-response models to improve understanding of the risk of beryllium sensitization and CBD.
巨噬细胞吞噬溶酶体内的颗粒溶解被认为是溶解铍的一个重要来源，这些溶解铍会进入与铍致敏和慢性铍病（CBD）发展相关的细胞介导免疫反应中。为了更好地理解与致敏和CBD患病率升高相关的铍材料的溶解情况，对单组分（从筛选操作中采集的氧化铍（BeO）颗粒、成品BeO粉末、成品铍金属粉末）和气溶胶多组分材料（铜铍合金加工过程中从电弧炉采集的颗粒）进行了研究。使用吞噬溶酶体模拟液（PSF）通过静态溶解技术测量溶解速率，然后将其归一化为比表面积的测量值，以计算每种材料的化学溶解速率常数（k）。筛选器BeO颗粒的k值（1.3±1.9×10⁻⁸）g/（cm²·天）和BeO粉末的k值（1.1±0.5×10⁻⁸）相似（p = 0.45）。铍金属粉末的k值（1.1±1.4×10⁻⁷）显著高于BeO材料（p < 0.0003）。对于电弧炉颗粒，k值（1.6±0.6×10⁻⁷）显著高于BeO材料（p < 0.00001），尽管气溶胶中铍的化学形式为BeO。这些结果表明，铍的溶解在铍的物理化学形式之间存在差异，对于多组分气溶胶需要直接测量溶解情况。对铍材料在各种混合配置中的溶解行为进行更多研究将有助于开发暴露-反应模型，以更好地理解铍致敏和CBD的风险。
