London Edythe D, Berman Steven M, Voytek Bradley, Simon Sara L, Mandelkern Mark A, Monterosso John, Thompson Paul M, Brody Arthur L, Geaga Jennifer A, Hong Michael S, Hayashi Kiralee M, Rawson Richard A, Ling Walter
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90024-1759, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Nov 15;58(10):770-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.039. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Methamphetamine (MA) abusers have cognitive deficits, abnormal metabolic activity and structural deficits in limbic and paralimbic cortices, and reduced hippocampal volume. The links between cognitive impairment and these cerebral abnormalities are not established.
We assessed cerebral glucose metabolism with [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in 17 abstinent (4 to 7 days) methamphetamine users and 16 control subjects performing an auditory vigilance task and obtained structural magnetic resonance brain scans. Regional brain radioactivity served as a marker for relative glucose metabolism. Error rates on the task were related to regional radioactivity and hippocampal morphology.
Methamphetamine users had higher error rates than control subjects on the vigilance task. The groups showed different relationships between error rates and relative activity in the anterior and middle cingulate gyrus and the insula. Whereas the MA user group showed negative correlations involving these regions, the control group showed positive correlations involving the cingulate cortex. Across groups, hippocampal metabolic and structural measures were negatively correlated with error rates.
Dysfunction in the cingulate and insular cortices of recently abstinent MA abusers contribute to impaired vigilance and other cognitive functions requiring sustained attention. Hippocampal integrity predicts task performance in methamphetamine users as well as control subjects.
甲基苯丙胺（MA）滥用者存在认知缺陷、边缘和边缘旁皮质的代谢活动异常及结构缺陷，且海马体积减小。认知障碍与这些脑异常之间的联系尚未确立。
我们对17名戒断（4至7天）的甲基苯丙胺使用者和16名对照者进行了[F-18]氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描以评估脑葡萄糖代谢，他们执行听觉警觉任务，并进行了脑部结构磁共振扫描。脑区放射性作为相对葡萄糖代谢的标志物。任务错误率与脑区放射性及海马形态相关。
在警觉任务中，甲基苯丙胺使用者的错误率高于对照者。两组在前扣带回中部和脑岛的错误率与相对活动之间呈现不同的关系。甲基苯丙胺使用者组在这些区域呈现负相关，而对照组在扣带回皮质呈现正相关。在两组中，海马代谢和结构指标与错误率均呈负相关。
近期戒断的甲基苯丙胺滥用者扣带回和脑岛皮质功能障碍导致警觉性受损以及其他需要持续注意力的认知功能受损。海马完整性可预测甲基苯丙胺使用者及对照者的任务表现。
