Jones R P, Conway D H
Manchester Royal Infirmary, Department of Anaesthesia, Manchester, UK.
Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2005 Aug;22(8):578-83. doi: 10.1017/s0265021505000979.
Electromagnetic interference produced by wireless communication can affect medical devices and hospital policies exist to address this risk. During the transfer of ventilated patients, these policies may be compromised by essential communication between base and receiving hospitals. Local wireless networks (e.g. Bluetooth) may reduce the 'spaghetti syndrome' of wires and cables seen on intensive care units, but also generate electromagnetic interference. The aim of this study was to investigate these effects on displayed and actual ventilator performance.
Five ventilators were tested: Drager Oxylog 2000, BREAS LTV-1000, Respironics BiPAP VISION, Puritan Bennett 7200 and 840. Electromagnetic interference was generated by three devices: Simoco 8020 radio handset, Nokia 7210 and Nokia 6230 mobile phone, Nokia 6230 communicating via Bluetooth with a Palm Tungsten T Personal Digital Assistant. We followed the American National Standard Recommended Practice for On-Site, Ad Hoc Testing (ANSI C63) for electromagnetic interference. We used a ventilator tester, to simulate healthy adult lungs and measure ventilator performance. The communication device under test was moved in towards each ventilator from a distance of 1 m in six axes. Alarms or error codes on the ventilator were recorded, as was ventilator performance.
All ventilators tested, except for the Respironics VISION, showed a display error when subjected to electromagnetic interference from the Nokia phones and Simoco radio. Ventilator performance was only affected by the radio which caused the Puritan Bennett 840 to stop functioning completely. The transfer ventilators' performance were not affected by radio or mobile phone, although the mobile phone did trigger a low-power alarm. Effects on intensive care ventilators included display reset, with the ventilator restoring normal display function within 2 s, and low-power/low-pressure alarms. Bluetooth transmission had no effect on the function of all the ventilators tested.
In a clinical setting, high-power-output devices such as a two-way radio may cause significant interference in ventilator function. Medium-power-output devices such as mobile phones may cause minor alarm triggers. Low-power-output devices such as Bluetooth appear to cause no interference with ventilator function.
无线通信产生的电磁干扰会影响医疗设备，医院也制定了相关政策来应对这种风险。在转运使用呼吸机的患者过程中，这些政策可能会因转诊医院与接收医院之间的必要通信而受到影响。局部无线网络（如蓝牙）可能会减少重症监护病房中常见的电线和电缆的“ spaghetti综合征”，但也会产生电磁干扰。本研究的目的是调查这些干扰对呼吸机显示性能和实际性能的影响。
测试了五台呼吸机：德尔格Oxylog 2000、百瑞LTV - 1000、伟康双水平无创呼吸机VISION、伟康7200及840。由三种设备产生电磁干扰：Simoco 8020无线电手持机、诺基亚7210和诺基亚6230手机，诺基亚6230通过蓝牙与奔迈Tungsten T个人数字助理进行通信。我们遵循美国国家标准《现场临时测试推荐规范》（ANSI C63）进行电磁干扰测试。使用呼吸机测试仪模拟健康成人肺部并测量呼吸机性能。将被测通信设备从1米远处沿六个轴移向每台呼吸机。记录呼吸机上的警报或错误代码以及呼吸机性能。
除伟康VISION外，所有测试的呼吸机在受到诺基亚手机和Simoco无线电的电磁干扰时均出现显示错误。呼吸机性能仅受无线电影响，无线电导致伟康840完全停止运行。转运呼吸机的性能未受无线电或手机影响，不过手机触发了低功率警报。对重症监护呼吸机的影响包括显示重置，呼吸机在2秒内恢复正常显示功能，以及低功率/低压警报。蓝牙传输对所有测试的呼吸机功能均无影响。
在临床环境中，诸如对讲机之类的高功率输出设备可能会对呼吸机功能造成显著干扰。诸如手机之类的中等功率输出设备可能会引发轻微警报。诸如蓝牙之类的低功率输出设备似乎不会对呼吸机功能造成干扰。
