Xue Lin, Locke G Richard, Camilleri Michael, Schuurkes Jan A J, Meulemans Ann, Coulie Bernard J, Szurszewski Joseph H, Farrugia Gianrico
Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 Jan;290(1):G74-82. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00244.2005. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
Reduced fasting or postprandial gastric volumes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia. The mechanisms that underlie the control of gastric fundic volume are incompletely understood, partly because of an inability to accurately measure fundic volume in vivo in small animals. Small animals are useful models to evaluate mechanisms, e.g., in knockout animals. The aim of this study was to determine whether an ultrasonometric technique accurately monitors fundic contraction and relaxation in mice in vivo and to determine the effect of modulation of cholinergic, nitrergic, and serotonergic pathways on fundic size and compliance in the intact mouse innervated stomach. Two to four piezoelectric crystals (diameter 1 mm, 24-microm resolution) were glued to the serosal side of fundus and used to measure distance. Validation studies showed excellent correlation between measured changes and actual changes in distances between crystals and excellent reproducibility. The expected responses to pharmacological modulation with bethanechol and nitroglycerin were demonstrated. Atropine increased the distance between the crystals, suggesting a baseline cholinergic regulation of fundic volume. Bethanechol, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine, and the 5-HT1B/D agonist sumatriptan decreased the distance between the crystals, suggesting fundic contraction. Atropine, nitroglycerin, and buspirone caused an increase in intercrystal distance consistent with fundic relaxation. Fundic compliance was investigated by changing intragastric pressure via an implanted catheter. Sumatriptan increased compliance, whereas buspirone increased the distance between crystals but did not change compliance. The data suggest that ultrasonomicrometry is a useful tool that can reproducibly and accurately measure changes in fundic size and the response to pharmacological agents.
空腹或餐后胃容量减少与功能性消化不良的病理生理学有关。胃底容量控制的潜在机制尚未完全明确，部分原因是无法在小动物体内准确测量胃底容量。小动物是评估机制的有用模型，例如在基因敲除动物中。本研究的目的是确定超声测量技术是否能在小鼠体内准确监测胃底的收缩和舒张，并确定胆碱能、一氧化氮能和血清素能途径的调节对完整神经支配的小鼠胃底大小和顺应性的影响。将两到四个压电晶体（直径1毫米，分辨率24微米）粘贴到胃底浆膜侧并用于测量距离。验证研究表明，测量的变化与晶体间距离的实际变化之间具有极好的相关性，且具有极好的可重复性。证实了对乙酰甲胆碱和硝酸甘油药物调节的预期反应。阿托品增加了晶体间的距离，提示胃底容量存在基线胆碱能调节。乙酰甲胆碱、Nω-硝基-L-精氨酸和5-HT1B/D激动剂舒马曲坦减小了晶体间的距离，提示胃底收缩。阿托品、硝酸甘油和丁螺环酮导致晶体间距离增加，与胃底舒张一致。通过植入导管改变胃内压来研究胃底顺应性。舒马曲坦增加了顺应性，而丁螺环酮增加了晶体间的距离，但未改变顺应性。数据表明，超声微测术是一种有用的工具，可重复且准确地测量胃底大小的变化以及对药物的反应。
