Leone N, Rizzetto M
U.O.A. Gastroepatologia, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy.
Minerva Med. 2005 Apr;96(2):95-108.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is common throughout the world. The incidence of HCC is higher in cirrhotic patients and, among these patients, the incidence rate is 3% in Europe. The overall survival rate of HCC ranges between 20 and 30 months, and is influenced by the local stage of the neoplasm and by the liver function. The literature reports several serological, urinary and radiological markers used for the early detection of HCC. Currently, it is highly recommended to periodically screen cirrhotic patients and hepatitis B virus carriers older than 35 by serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and liver ultrasound (US) every 6 months. The concomitant determination of des-g-carboxy prothrombin and AFP allows a 23% increase in sensibility of the diagnosis for HCC avoiding the need for invasive diagnostic procedures.
肝细胞癌（HCC）在全球范围内都很常见。HCC在肝硬化患者中的发病率更高，在这些患者中，欧洲的发病率为3%。HCC的总体生存率在20至30个月之间，并且受肿瘤的局部分期和肝功能的影响。文献报道了几种用于HCC早期检测的血清学、尿液和放射学标志物。目前，强烈建议每6个月通过血清甲胎蛋白（AFP）和肝脏超声（US）对肝硬化患者和35岁以上的乙肝病毒携带者进行定期筛查。联合检测去γ-羧基凝血酶原和AFP可使HCC诊断的敏感性提高23%，从而避免了侵入性诊断程序的需要。
