Lauber Christoph, Nordt Carlos, Rössler Wulf
Psychiatric University Hospital, Militärstrasse 8, PO Box 1930, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2005 Oct;40(10):835-43. doi: 10.1007/s00127-005-0953-7. Epub 2005 Sep 27.
OBJECTIVE: The objectives of the study are (1) to assess the mental health literacy of mental health professionals, (2) to determine whether there is agreement between different professional groups with respect to different psychopathological conditions and (3) to compare the professionals' knowledge with that of the general population. METHODS: Two representative samples of mental health professionals and laypersons were presented with a vignette depicting either a person with schizophrenia, major depression or without any psychiatric symptoms ('non-case'). Out of 18 treatment proposals, the respondents were asked to indicate the proposals regarded as helpful and those considered as being harmful, respectively, for the person depicted. RESULTS: Mental health professionals view their profession and less often their treatment methods as helpful. Dealing with the situation alone, electroconvulsive therapy, hypnotics and sedatives are consistently regarded as harmful. For the individual with schizophrenia, mental health professionals agree about helpful treatments. Regarding depression, a lack of consensus is found about treatment proposals such as psychiatric hospitalisation, antidepressants and complementary and alternative medicine. An important part of mental health professionals suggests medical help (psychologists and general practitioners) for the non-case vignette. Fewer nurses, social workers, vocational workers and occupational therapists ('other therapists') as compared to psychiatrists and psychologists recommend standard treatment methods. Professionals and the general population significantly differ in their attitudes towards the treatment suggestions, especially regarding medication and alternative medicine. CONCLUSIONS: To improve the treatment of mental disorders, various strategies must be considered. These include permanent education of all mental health professionals, especially nurses and other therapists. A special focus must be given to affective disorders and a potential (over-) treatment of normal behaviour.
目的：本研究的目的是：（1）评估心理健康专业人员的心理健康素养；（2）确定不同专业群体在不同精神病理状况方面是否存在共识；（3）将专业人员的知识与普通人群的知识进行比较。 方法：向心理健康专业人员和非专业人员的两个代表性样本展示了一个描述患有精神分裂症、重度抑郁症或无任何精神症状（“非病例”）的人的 vignette。在 18 种治疗建议中，要求受访者分别指出他们认为对所描述的人有帮助和有害的建议。 结果：心理健康专业人员认为他们的职业而非治疗方法有帮助。独自应对这种情况、电休克治疗、催眠药和镇静剂一直被认为是有害的。对于精神分裂症患者，心理健康专业人员在有帮助的治疗方法上达成了共识。对于抑郁症，在诸如精神病住院治疗、抗抑郁药以及补充和替代医学等治疗建议方面缺乏共识。心理健康专业人员中的一大部分人建议对非病例 vignette 提供医疗帮助（心理学家和全科医生）。与精神科医生和心理学家相比，护士、社会工作者、职业工作者和职业治疗师（“其他治疗师”）推荐标准治疗方法的较少。专业人员和普通人群对治疗建议的态度存在显著差异，特别是在药物治疗和替代医学方面。 结论：为改善精神障碍的治疗，必须考虑各种策略。这些策略包括对所有心理健康专业人员，尤其是护士和其他治疗师进行持续教育。必须特别关注情感障碍以及正常行为的潜在（过度）治疗。
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