Zhou Y, Ahuja A, Irvin C M, Kracko D, McDonald J D, Cheng Y S
Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.
J Aerosol Med. 2005 Fall;18(3):283-93. doi: 10.1089/jam.2005.18.283.
Jet nebulizers are a drug delivery tool commonly used for treating respiratory diseases. When a nebulizer generates aerosols, the rate at which droplets evaporate depends on humidity conditions around the nebulizer outlet. Because the relative humidity (RH) of the air affects the evaporation rate, the aerosol distribution and drug delivery dose is also affected by RH. Four nebulizers were chosen for comparison in this study: PARI LC Plus (PARI Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Midlothian, VA), SideStream (Medic-Aid Ltd., UK), VixOne (Westmed, Inc., Tucson, AZ), and Micromist (Hudson Respiratory Care Inc., Temecula, CA). Two different formulations were used: albuterol (liquid solution) and budesonide (suspension). Particle distribution (mass median aerodynamic diameter [MMAD] and geometric standard deviation [GSD]), nebulizer efficiency (total efficiency and respirable fraction [RF] efficiency for particles less than 4.7 microm), and dead volume (the amount of solution remaining after nebulization) were compared at the RH of 5%, 50%, and 80%. Our results showed that the MMAD increased (p value varied from <0.001 to 0.016) with the increase in RH, except for with the VixOne unit with albuterol (p = 0.24). The MMAD from the budesonide always appeared higher than from the albuterol. The RF (and thus, the inhalation dose) was lower with a higher RH. Except for the PARI LC Plus with budesonide, the RF decreased approximately 15-27% when the RH rose from 5% to 50%. For the PARI LC Plus nebulizer, the lower dead volume (0.22 mL) with higher residual drugs (62.3% of total drug) was obtained at an RH of 5% comparing the RH of 50% and 80% because of the unit's unique design.
喷射式雾化器是一种常用于治疗呼吸系统疾病的药物输送工具。当雾化器产生气溶胶时，液滴蒸发的速率取决于雾化器出口周围的湿度条件。由于空气的相对湿度（RH）会影响蒸发速率，因此气溶胶分布和药物输送剂量也会受到RH的影响。本研究选择了四种雾化器进行比较：PARI LC Plus（PARI呼吸设备公司，弗吉尼亚州米德洛锡安）、SideStream（英国Medic-Aid有限公司）、VixOne（美国亚利桑那州图森市Westmed公司）和Micromist（加利福尼亚州特梅库拉市Hudson呼吸护理公司）。使用了两种不同的制剂：沙丁胺醇（液体溶液）和布地奈德（混悬液）。在5%、50%和80%的相对湿度下比较了颗粒分布（质量中位空气动力学直径[MMAD]和几何标准差[GSD]）、雾化器效率（小于4.7微米颗粒的总效率和可吸入分数[RF]效率）以及死腔量（雾化后剩余溶液的量）。我们的结果表明，除了使用沙丁胺醇的VixOne装置外（p = 0.24），MMAD随RH升高而增加（p值从<0.001到0.016不等）。布地奈德的MMAD总是高于沙丁胺醇的MMAD。相对湿度较高时，可吸入分数（进而吸入剂量）较低。除了使用布地奈德的PARI LC Plus外，当相对湿度从5%升至50%时，可吸入分数下降了约15-27%。对于PARI LC Plus雾化器，由于其独特的设计，在5%的相对湿度下获得了较低的死腔量（0.22 mL）和较高的残留药物量（占总药物的62.3%），而相对湿度为50%和80%时则不然。
