King B H, Fischer C R
Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, 60115, USA.
J Insect Physiol. 2005 Dec;51(12):1340-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.08.004. Epub 2005 Sep 28.
The proximal mechanisms leading to monandry have been little studied in most insect orders, including Hymenoptera. In the parasitoid wasp Spalangia endius, mated females are less attractive (less often mounted) than virgins and are unreceptive (unlikely to allow copulation). Which aspects of mating are responsible was tested by observing male responses toward females whose mating had been interrupted at various stages. All females were allowed to receive precopulatory courtship and to open their genital aperture to copulate. Then some were interrupted before copulation, some after copulation but before postcopulatory courtship, and some were allowed to complete postcopulatory courtship. Females that had copulated were not less attractive than females that had not. In contrast, females that had received postcopulatory courtship were clearly both less attractive and less receptive. Thus, postcopulatory courtship functions as extended mate guarding, by making the female less attractive and less receptive to subsequent males even after the original male is no longer present. The effect of postcopulatory courtship on female attractiveness was persistent but imperfect: when males were presented sequentially to mated females, most but not all males retreated without mounting, and a female could repulse more than twenty males in succession.
在包括膜翅目在内的大多数昆虫目中，导致一妻制的近端机制鲜有研究。在寄生蜂斯氏啮小蜂（Spalangia endius）中，已交配的雌性比未交配的雌性吸引力更低（被雄蜂爬上的频率更低），并且不愿接受交配（不太可能允许交配）。通过观察雄性对在不同阶段交配被打断的雌性的反应，测试了交配的哪些方面起了作用。所有雌性都被允许接受交配前求偶并张开生殖孔准备交配。然后，一些在交配前被打断，一些在交配后但在交配后求偶前被打断，还有一些被允许完成交配后求偶。已交配的雌性并不比未交配的雌性吸引力低。相比之下，接受了交配后求偶的雌性显然吸引力更低且更不愿接受交配。因此，交配后求偶起到了延长配偶守卫的作用，即使原来的雄性不在场，也会使雌性对后续雄性的吸引力降低且更不愿接受交配。交配后求偶对雌性吸引力的影响是持久的但并不完美：当雄性依次被呈现给已交配的雌性时，大多数但并非所有雄性都会退缩而不爬上雌性，并且一只雌性可以连续击退二十多只雄性。
