Holmström Gerd E, Larsson Eva K
Department of Ophthalmology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Oct;123(10):1404-11. doi: 10.1001/archopht.123.10.1404.
To evaluate the development of refraction, expressed as spherical equivalents, in prematurely born children during the first 10 years of life.
Retinoscopy in cycloplegia was performed at 6 months, 2.5 years, and 10 years of age in 198 prematurely born children from a previous population-based study on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. Spherical equivalents were calculated. Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent of less than 0 diopters (D), clinically significant myopia at 10 years of age as -1 D or less, and moderate or high myopia as less than -3D. Hypermetropia greater than +3 D was regarded as significant.
There were no significant differences during the refractive development between the various subgroups of retinopathy of prematurity. Cryotreated eyes had a wider distribution of refractive errors. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the spherical equivalents at 2.5 years of age predicted clinically significant myopia (</=-1 D) at 10 years of age.
Retinoscopies at 6 months, 2.5 years, and 10 years of age show a similar course of spherical equivalent refractive development regardless of the stage of retinopathy of prematurity. Refraction at 6 months of age is an unreliable predictor, but the refraction at 2.5 years of age seems to be a better tool for identifying refractive errors that will remain at 10 years of age.
评估早产儿童在生命的前10年中以等效球镜度表示的屈光发育情况。
对先前一项基于人群的早产儿视网膜病变发病率研究中的198名早产儿童，在6个月、2.5岁和10岁时进行睫状肌麻痹下的检影验光。计算等效球镜度。近视定义为等效球镜度小于0屈光度（D），10岁时临床显著性近视为-1D或更低，中度或高度近视为小于-3D。远视大于+3D被视为显著远视。
早产儿视网膜病变各亚组在屈光发育过程中无显著差异。接受冷冻治疗的眼睛屈光不正分布更广泛。多元回归分析显示，2.5岁时的等效球镜度可预测10岁时的临床显著性近视（≤-1D）。
无论早产儿视网膜病变处于何种阶段，在6个月、2.5岁和10岁时进行检影验光，等效球镜度的屈光发育过程相似。6个月大时的屈光状态是不可靠的预测指标，但2.5岁时的屈光状态似乎是识别10岁时仍会存在的屈光不正的更好工具。
